The Effects of Body Mass Index on Second-Trimester Amniotic Fluid Cytokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels

Melekoğlu, Rauf; Çiftçi, Osman; Eraslan, Sevil; Başak, Neşe; Çelik, Ebru

doi:10.1159/000455192

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Our findings suggest that these processes might be present also in utero. This is consistent with higher concentrations of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase levels in amniotic fluid of pregnant women with class II-III obesity compared to women without obesity [30]. Interestingly, a cohort study of 1,057 mother-child pairs reported that circulating inflammatory cytokine concentrations due to maternal diet are inversely associated with DNA methylation in the offspring [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Changes in PPAR-γ Expression Are Associated with microRNA Profiles during Fetal Programming due to Maternal Overweight and Obesity

Gaytán-Pacheco

Lima‐Rogel

Méndez-Mancilla

et al. 2021

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background: There has been a global increase in the prevalence of obesity in pregnant women in recent years. Animal studies have shown that intrauterine environment associated with maternal obesity leads to epigenetic changes. However, the effects of epigenetic changes occurring before birth in response to maternal conditions have not been clearly characterized in humans. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression in cell cultures from newborns from mothers with overweight and obesity, in response to in vitro metabolic challenges and their relationship with microRNA profile and cytokine expression. Methods/Study design: The profile of circulating microRNAs from 72 mother-child pairs (including healthy infants born to normal weight [n = 35], overweight [n = 25], and obese [n = 12] mothers) was determined through real-time PCR, and the PPAR-γ expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from offspring was analyzed after in vitro challenges. Results: miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-378a were upregulated in overweight mothers, while miR-378a was upregulated in obese mothers compared to normal weight mothers. In children from overweight mothers, miR-155 and miR-221 were downregulated and miR-146a was upregulated, while offspring of mothers with obesity showed downregulation of miR-155, miR-221, and miR-1301. These microRNAs have direct or indirect relation with PPAR-γ expression. In vitro exposure to high triglyceride and exposure to miR-378a induced a higher expression of PPAR-γ in cells from offspring of mothers with overweight and obesity. In contrast, cells from offspring of mothers with obesity cultured with high glucose concentrations showed PPAR-γ downregulation. IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in cells of offspring of overweight and obese mothers differed from that of offspring of normal weight mothers. Limitation of our study is the small sample size. Conclusion: The blood microRNA profile, and in vitro PPAR-γ and inflammatory cytokine expression in cells of newborn infants are associated with maternal obesity indicating that epigenetic marks may be established during intrauterine development. Key Message: Neonatal microRNA profile is associated with maternal weight. Neonatal microRNA profile is independent of maternal microRNA profile. PPAR-γ expression in newborn cell cultures is affected by maternal weight

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Changes in PPAR-γ Expression Are Associated with microRNA Profiles during Fetal Programming due to Maternal Overweight and Obesity

Gaytán-Pacheco

Lima‐Rogel

Méndez-Mancilla

et al. 2021

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…Several studies reported an enhanced expression of MMP-1 in preadipocytes from obese subjects suggesting a role in ECM remodeling in obesity [ 22 ]. MMP-1 has also been found in preadipocytes/stromal vascular cells of human adipose tissue and its levels were increased in class II-III obese [ 23 ]. In the current study, no significant relationships were found between MMP-1 (-16071G/2G, -519A/G) variants and the anthropometric parameters investigated including BMI, WC, and WHtR, which may suggest that these SNPs do not affect body fat accumulation in the sampled population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of MMP-1 (-519A/G, -1607 1G/2G), MMP-3 (Lys45Glu), MMP-7 (-181A/G), and MMP-12 (-82A/G) Variants and Plasma MMP Levels on Obesity-Related Phenotypes and Microvascular Reactivity in a Tunisian Population

et al. 2017

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Aims The impact of MMP-1 (-519A/G, -1607 1G/2G), MMP-3 Lys45Glu (A/G), MMP-7 -181A/G, and MMP-12 -82A/G variants and plasma MMP levels on obesity and microvascular reactivity in Tunisians. Methods Our population included 202 nonobese and 168 obese subjects. Anthropometric, biochemical, and microvascular parameters were determined according to standard protocols. PCR-RFLP and ELISA were used to determine the genetic variants and levels of MMPs, respectively. Results The MMP-3 45Glu (G) allele associates with higher anthropometric values and MMP-3 levels compared to AA genotype carriers (BMI (kg/m2): 30 ± 0.51 versus 27.33 ± 0.8, P = 0.004; MMP-3 levels: 7.45 (4.77–11.91) versus 5.21 (3.60–10.21) ng/ml, P = 0.006). The MMP-12 -82G allele was also associated with higher BMI values when compared to subjects carrying the AA genotype (31.41 ± 0.85 versus 28.76 ± 0.43, P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the MMP-3 45G or MMP-12 -82G variants were also associated with a higher risk for severe forms of obesity (MMP-3: OR = 1.9, P = 0.002; MMP-12: OR = 2.63, P = 0.003). Similarly, the MMP-7 -181G allele was associated with a higher MMP-7 level and an increased risk for morbid obesity when compared to AA genotype carriers (0.32 (0.31–0.60) versus 0.18 (0.17–0.24) ng/ml, P = 0.01; OR = 1.67, P = 0.02, resp.). Conclusion MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-12 polymorphisms associate with obesity risk and its severity.

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“…Low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines during the early periods of gestation are characteristic of patients with a history of habitual miscarriages; however, an anti-inflammatory shift of the cytokine spectrum develops by the end of the first trimester 31 . A previous work demonstrated that the fetuses of class II-III obese women are exposed in utero to higher cytokine and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) levels than fetuses of lean women 32 . The long-term effect of each proinflammatory cytokine on the fetal prognosis is still under scrutiny 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Profile at the Beginning of Pregnancy in Mexican Women

Díaz Montiel,

Gutierrez,

Hinojosa Juárez

et al. 2019

Cent. Asian j. Med. Sci.

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Objectives: To quantify and associate the levels of Th1 pro-inflammatory and Th2 antiinflammatory cytokines with the anthropometric measurements at the beginning of pregnancy. Methods: This prospective clinical and descriptive study included pregnant women 18 years of age and older. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Correlations were determined among the cytokines and anthropometric variables. Results: From 83 pregnant women IL-4 was significantly higher in Underweight compared to Overweight patients (97.5 ± 3.5 vs. 66.4 ± 17.6 pg/mL, p = .037), Underweight compared to Obesity Class I patients (97.5 ± 3.5 vs. 60.6 ± 17.2 pg/mL, p = .024) and in Normal Weight compared to Obesity Class I patients (72.2 ± 17.7 vs. 60.6 ± 17.2 pg/ mL, p = .026). TNF-α was significantly higher in Normal Weight compared to Obesity Class II patients (41.9 ± 26 vs. 24.9 ± 19.7 pg/mL, p = .031). IL-4 was positively correlated with TNF-α (r2 = .309, p = .005) and negatively correlated with pre-gestational BMI (r 2 = -.243, p = .029). IL-10 was positively correlated with IL-4 (r 2 = .356, p = .001) and TNF-α (r 2 = .308, p = .005). Finally, IFN-γ was negatively correlated with IL-4 (r 2 = -.246, p = .025), IL-6 (r 2 = -.232, p = .035) and TNF-α (r2 = -.289, p = .008). Conclusion: In Mexican women, there is a low antiinflammatory cytokine profile at the beginning of pregnancy.

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The Effects of Body Mass Index on Second-Trimester Amniotic Fluid Cytokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in PPAR-γ Expression Are Associated with microRNA Profiles during Fetal Programming due to Maternal Overweight and Obesity

Changes in PPAR-γ Expression Are Associated with microRNA Profiles during Fetal Programming due to Maternal Overweight and Obesity

Role of MMP-1 (-519A/G, -1607 1G/2G), MMP-3 (Lys45Glu), MMP-7 (-181A/G), and MMP-12 (-82A/G) Variants and Plasma MMP Levels on Obesity-Related Phenotypes and Microvascular Reactivity in a Tunisian Population

Cytokine Profile at the Beginning of Pregnancy in Mexican Women

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