The Effects of Biological Sex and Ovarian Hormones on Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity

El-Sayes, Jenin; Turco, Claudia V.; Skelly, Lauren E.; Nicolini, Chiara; Fahnestock, Margaret; Gibala, Martin J.; Nelson, Aimee J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.054

Cited by 31 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The non-difference in serum BDNF concentration between luteal and follicular phases are concordant with other authors 16 . In their study, the authors reported any difference between serum BDNF measured prior exercise in luteal and follicular phases, as well when compared with men serum BDNF concentrations 16 . To our best knowledge, there are not more studies focused to assess the impact of HIIE on serum BDNF concentrations during different menstrual phases.…”

Section: ***Figure 3 Near Here*** Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Peripheral BDNF and psycho-behavioral aspects are positively modulated by high-intensity intermittent exercise and fitness in healthy women

Poli

Lopes

Lira

et al. 2020

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The study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity intermittent effort (HIIE) performed in luteal and follicular menstrual phases on BDNF, cognitive function, mood and exercise enjoyment. Fourteen healthy women completed four experimental sessions, randomly. For each menstrual phase one graded exercise test (GXT) and one HIIE session (10 × 1-min runs 90% peak GXT velocity [1-min recovery]) were performed. Blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after efforts, as well profile of mood states questionnaire (POMS) and Stroop-task application. During the HIIE, subjective scales were applied (feeling, felt arousal, rate of perceived exertion and physical activity enjoyment). In serum BDNF no difference was observed between menstrual phases (p = 0.87). Nevertheless, HIIE increased BDNF concentration during two phases (p = 0.03). In addition, the magnitude of circulating BDNF changes (BDNFΔ) and VO2max showed an inverse relationship in follicular phase (r= -0.539, p = 0.046), whereas in luteal phase the BDNFΔ were negatively correlated with duration (r= -0.684, p = 0.007) and RPE (r= -0.726, p = 0.004) in GXT. No difference between menstrual phases was observed for POMS (p ≥ 0.05); however, HIIE attenuates tension (p < 0.01), depression (p < 0.01) and anger moods (p < 0.01), independently of menstrual phases. Subjective scales and Stroop-task did not show differences. Menstrual cycle does not affect BDNF, cognitive function, mood and exercise enjoyment, but HIIE increases peripheral BDNF and attenuate tension, depression and anger independently of menstrual phase. Besides, the BDNFΔ were correlated with fitness status in follicular phase, exhibiting higher changes in women with lower fitness status.

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Section: ***Figure 3 Near Here*** Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Peripheral BDNF and psycho-behavioral aspects are positively modulated by high-intensity intermittent exercise and fitness in healthy women

Poli

Lopes

Lira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Nevertheless, meta-analyses generally support the premise that resistance training alters excitability of the intracortical inhibitory interneurons, particularly when these are assessed during a voluntary contraction (Kidgell et al 2017;Siddique et al 2020). Similar reductions in intracortical inhibition have been demonstrated following acute aerobic exercise (Singh and Staines 2015;El-Sayes et al 2019), perhaps suggestive of a mechanism linked to exercise in general, rather than specific to resistance training.…”

Section: Cortical or Spinal Adaptations: Stimulation Studies Reveal Imentioning

confidence: 67%

The knowns and unknowns of neural adaptations to resistance training

et al. 2020

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The initial increases in force production with resistance training are thought to be primarily underpinned by neural adaptations. This notion is firmly supported by evidence displaying motor unit adaptations following resistance training; however, the precise locus of neural adaptation remains elusive. The purpose of this review is to clarify and critically discuss the literature concerning the site(s) of putative neural adaptations to short-term resistance training. The proliferation of studies employing non-invasive stimulation techniques to investigate evoked responses have yielded variable results, but generally support the notion that resistance training alters intracortical inhibition. Nevertheless, methodological inconsistencies and the limitations of techniques, e.g. limited relation to behavioural outcomes and the inability to measure volitional muscle activity, preclude firm conclusions. Much of the literature has focused on the corticospinal tract; however, preliminary research in non-human primates suggests reticulospinal tract is a potential substrate for neural adaptations to resistance training, though human data is lacking due to methodological constraints. Recent advances in technology have provided substantial evidence of adaptations within a large motor unit population following resistance training. However, their activity represents the transformation of afferent and efferent inputs, making it challenging to establish the source of adaptation. Whilst much has been learned about the nature of neural adaptations to resistance training, the puzzle remains to be solved. Additional analyses of motoneuron firing during different training regimes or coupling with other methodologies (e.g., electroencephalography) may facilitate the estimation of the site(s) of neural adaptations to resistance training in the future.

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“…This is in line with previous work showing no change in corticospinal excitability following moderate- [3][4][5][6] and high-intensity exercise [10] in low fit individuals. Increases in corticospinal excitability following exercise have only been observed in high fit individuals after moderate intensity exercise [6,8,9], although some studies have reported to change after moderate intensity exercise [7,11]. Opie and Semmler (2019) also recently showed increased MEP amplitude after both high-intensity interval training and low-intensity continuous exercise, although fitness of the participant sample tested was not reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have used TMS to assess neuroplasticity within the motor system after an acute session of aerobic exercise in healthy individuals (Table 1). These studies have reported either no change [3][4][5][6][7] or an increase [6,8,9] in MEP amplitude following exercise. The discrepancy may relate to either the fitness level of the participants tested, or the intensity of the exercise performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is commonly used to assesses physical activity and not fitness per se, whereas a peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) test provides an indication of cardiorespiratory fitness. Studies reporting an increase in MEP amplitude after acute exercise were generally performed using highly fit individuals as gauged by a VO 2peak test [8,9] or in highly active individuals as gauged by the IPAQ [6]. In PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227581 January 24, 2020 1 / 12 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute high-intensity and moderate-intensity interval exercise do not change corticospinal excitability in low fit, young adults

et al. 2020

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Previous research has demonstrated a lack of neuroplasticity induced by acute exercise in low fit individuals, but the influence of exercise intensity is unclear. In the present study, we assessed the effect of acute high-intensity (HI) or moderate-intensity (MOD) interval exercise on neuroplasticity in individuals with low fitness, as determined by a peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) test (n = 19). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess corticospinal excitability via area under the motor evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curve before and following training. Corticospinal excitability was unchanged after HI and MOD, suggesting no effect of acute exercise on neuroplasticity as measured via TMS in sedentary, young individuals. Repeated bouts of exercise, i.e., physical training, may be required to induce short-term changes in corticospinal excitability in previously sedentary individuals. OPEN ACCESSCitation: El-Sayes J, Turco CV, Skelly LE, Locke MB, Gibala MJ, Nelson AJ (2020) Acute highintensity and moderate-intensity interval exercise do not change corticospinal excitability in low fit, young adults. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227581. https://

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The Effects of Biological Sex and Ovarian Hormones on Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity

Cited by 31 publications

References 74 publications

Peripheral BDNF and psycho-behavioral aspects are positively modulated by high-intensity intermittent exercise and fitness in healthy women

Peripheral BDNF and psycho-behavioral aspects are positively modulated by high-intensity intermittent exercise and fitness in healthy women

The knowns and unknowns of neural adaptations to resistance training

Acute high-intensity and moderate-intensity interval exercise do not change corticospinal excitability in low fit, young adults

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