The effects of benzoic acid and essential oils on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and colonic microbiota in nursery pigs

Zhai, Huan-Chen; Luo, Yuqi; Ren, Wen; Schyns, Ghislain; Guggenbuhl, P.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114426

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The combination of benzoic acid with essentials oils also reportedly showed clear effects. Wang et al and Zhai et al found that the feed intake and growth rate were improved under this supplementation, although the gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) was unchanged; the authors proposed that this could be related to regulation of microbiota rather than a change in nutrient digestibility [ 50 , 51 ]. According to Diao et al, better nutrient digestibility was allowed by enhanced digestive enzyme activity and mucosa absorption surface [ 52 ].…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic, Organic, and Fatty Acids in Pig: A Review

Ferronato

Prandini

2020

Animals

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Reduction of antibiotic use has been a hot topic of research over the past decades. The European ban on growth-promoter use has increased the use of feed additivities that can enhance animal growth performance and health status, particularly during critical and stressful phases of life. Pig farming is characterized by several stressful periods, such as the weaning phase, and studies have suggested that the proper use of feed additives during stress could prevent disease and enhance performance through modulation of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa and microbiome. The types of feed additive include acids, minerals, prebiotics, probiotics, yeast, nucleotides, and phytoproducts. This review focuses on commonly used acids, classified as inorganic, organic, and fatty acids, and their beneficial and potential effects, which are widely reported in the bibliography. Acids have long been used as feed acidifiers and preservatives, and were more recently introduced into feed formulated for young pigs with the goal of stabilizing the stomach pH to offset their reduced digestive capacity. In addition, some organic acids represent intermediary products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and thus could be considered an energy source. Moreover, antimicrobial properties have been exploited to modulate microbiota populations and reduce pathogenic bacteria. Given these potential benefits, organic acids are no longer seen as simple acidifiers, but rather as growth promoters and potential antibiotic substitutes owing to their beneficial action on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

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Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic, Organic, and Fatty Acids in Pig: A Review

Ferronato

Prandini

2020

Animals

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“…Pathways related to amino acid metabolism were also confirmed to be affected by Ren et al [138] in the ileum of piglets supplied with formic acid. However, as already reported by Zhai et al [140], there is the need of whole-genome shotgun sequencing and more accurate analysis to fully clarify the effect of acidifier on the functionality of gut microbiome. Thus, additional investigation is needed to better associate the beneficial effects which the organic acids supply has on the growth and health of post-weaning pigs with gut microbial modulation.…”

Section: Post-weaning Dietmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, it could be suggested that organic acids could modulate the intestinal microbial profile and structure (alpha and beta diversity), as observed by [137,139,140]. Some attempts to evaluate the effect of acidifiers in not only modifying the taxonomy but also the functionality of the microbiota were made by Zhai et al [140] and Ren et al [138] using the prediction of metabolic pathways with PICRUSt and Tax4Fun. Zhai et al [140] observed that protected benzoic acid enhanced the degradation of caprolactam, a secondary metabolite of benzoic acid, C5 branched dibasic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism (tryptophan) in the cecal microbiota.…”

Section: Post-weaning Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some attempts to evaluate the effect of acidifiers in not only modifying the taxonomy but also the functionality of the microbiota were made by Zhai et al [140] and Ren et al [138] using the prediction of metabolic pathways with PICRUSt and Tax4Fun. Zhai et al [140] observed that protected benzoic acid enhanced the degradation of caprolactam, a secondary metabolite of benzoic acid, C5 branched dibasic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism (tryptophan) in the cecal microbiota. Pathways related to amino acid metabolism were also confirmed to be affected by Ren et al [138] in the ileum of piglets supplied with formic acid.…”

Section: Post-weaning Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timely Control of Gastrointestinal Eubiosis: A Strategic Pillar of Pig Health

et al. 2021

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The pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an open ecosystem in which microorganisms and their host are mutually involved and continually adapt to different factors and problems which may or may not be host dependent or due to the production system. The aim of the present review is to highlight the factors affecting the GIT microbial balance in young pigs, focusing on the pre- and post-weaning phases, to define a road map for improving pig health and the production efficiency of the food chain. Birth and weaning body weight, physiological maturation, colostrum and milk (composition and intake), genetic background, environmental stressors and management practices, antibiotic use and diet composition are considered. Overall, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect that some factors, including weaning age, the use of creep feed, the composition of the colostrum and milk and the use of antibiotics, may have on the gut microbiome of piglets. Furthermore, the information on the gut microbiome of piglets is mainly based on the taxonomy description, while there is a lack of knowledge regarding the functional modification of the microbiota, essential for the exploitation of microbiota potential for modulating pig physiology.

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“…Mallo, et al, (2012), sugerem que, para uma melhor utilização dos ácidos benzoicos, estes devem se apresentar em formas encapsuladas, visto que desse modo sua liberação no trato gastrointestinal será mais eficaz. Zhai, et al, (2020), avaliando a inclusão de ácido benzoico (5 g/kg) e óleos essenciais (1, 2 e 3 g/kg) na dieta de 312 leitões de linhagens distintas com peso médio inicial de 8,5 ± 0,6 kg, com intuito de verificar o desempenho dos animais, observaram que leitões que tiveram acesso aos aditivos apresentaram melhora no ganho de peso médio diário e melhora na conversão alimentar, o que por sua vez pode favorecer o desempenho desses em fases subsequentes.…”

Section: áCidos Orgânicosunclassified

Uso de aditivos em dietas para leitões em fase de creche: uma revisão

Lima

Lopes

Silva

et al. 2020

RSD

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O uso de aditivos em dietas para leitões desmamados na suinocultura industrial tem como intuito diminuir o uso de antimicrobianos na produção suinícola, além de melhorar a saúde intestinal e desempenho produtivo dos animais. Portanto, neste estudo teve-se como objetivo elaborar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais aditivos utilizados em dietas para leitões na fase de creche. Os aditivos atuam como probióticos e prebióticos, sendo estes essenciais na fase de creche devido aos desafios sanitários que os animais são submetidos, visto que promovem benefícios para a saúde dos animais. O sucesso na utilização dos aditivos na fase de creche está relacionado com a dosagem a ser utilizada e principalmente com o nível de desafio sanitário ao qual os animais são expostos. Alguns resultados de pesquisas nessa área indicam que os aditivos são mais eficientes em animais mais desafiados, o que justifica a variabilidade de resultados encontrados na literatura. Alguns estudos demonstram que o mecanismo de ação dos aditivos pode reduzir o uso de antimicrobianos nas dietas de leitões em fase de creche, além de agregar melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico. De acordo com a revisão realizada, conclui-se que a utilização de aditivos em dietas de leitões em período de creche, pode garantir melhores índices produtivos dos animais, além de se apresentarem como boas alternativas frente ao uso de antibióticos.

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The effects of benzoic acid and essential oils on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and colonic microbiota in nursery pigs

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic, Organic, and Fatty Acids in Pig: A Review

Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic, Organic, and Fatty Acids in Pig: A Review

Timely Control of Gastrointestinal Eubiosis: A Strategic Pillar of Pig Health

Uso de aditivos em dietas para leitões em fase de creche: uma revisão

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