The Effects of Benthos on Physical Properties of Freshwater Sediments

McCall, Peter L.; Tevesz, Michael J. S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1317-6_3

Cited by 88 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This is a density equivalent to 50,000 worms per m 2 . This density is similar to that used previously for reworking rate studies (Kietly et al 1988a(Kietly et al , 1988b and is far less than maximal densities of oligochaetes observed in freshwater environments of 10 6 per m 2 (McCall and Tevesz 1982). The cells were scanned every 2 days for the duration of the experiment.…”

Section: Reworking Studysupporting

confidence: 71%

Biological Responses of Lumbriculus variegatus Exposed to Fluoranthene-Spiked Sediment

Landrum

Gedeon

Burton³

et al. 2002

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Abstract. Lumbriculus variegatus was used as a bioassay organism to examine the impact of the sediment-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene on behavior, reproduction, and toxicokinetics. The number of worms increased between the beginning and end of the experiment at 59 g g Ϫ1 fluoranthene, but at the next higher treatment (108 g g Ϫ1 ) the number of worms found was lower and not different from the control. Worms exposed to 95 g g Ϫ1 also exhibited increased reproduction when fed a yeast-cerophyltrout chow mixture. On a total biomass basis, only the 95 g g Ϫ1 exposure with food exhibited a statistically significant increase over the nonfed control. Evaluation of reproduction at the two highest treatments was compromised by a brief aeration failure 2 days before the end of the experiment. The behavioral responses were followed as changes in biological burial rate (sediment reworking rate) of a 137 Cs-labeled marker layer. The biological burial rate increased toward a plateau as the concentration increased from the control (3.9 g g Ϫ1 dry weight total PAH) to 355 g g Ϫ1 dry weight fluoranthene in sediment. The aeration failure had minimal impact on the determination of reworking rate because all the data for the rate determination were collected prior to the aeration failure. Uptake and elimination rates declined with increasing treatment concentration across the range of fluoranthene concentrations, 59 -355 g g Ϫ1 dry weight sediment. The disconnect between the increasing biological burial rates and the decreasing toxicokinetics rates with increasing exposure concentration demonstrates that the toxicokinetic processes are dominated by uptake and elimination to interstitial water. The bioaccumulation factor (concentration in the organisms on a wet weight basis divided by the concentration in sediment on a dry weight basis) ranged from 0.92 to 1.88 on day 10 and declined to a range of 0.52 to 0.99 on day 28 with the lowest value at the highest dose.

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Section: Reworking Studysupporting

confidence: 71%

Biological Responses of Lumbriculus variegatus Exposed to Fluoranthene-Spiked Sediment

Landrum

Gedeon

Burton³

et al. 2002

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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“…The effect of the activity of benthic animals on the distribution of material within sediment has concerned many investigators, for it could distort or destroy important parts of the record (McCall and Tevesz 1982). The term bioturbation implies rather large-scale disturbance.…”

Section: Sedimentary Record Of Changes In the Condition Of Lake Washimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary record of changes in the condition of Lake Washington

Edmondson

1991

Limnology & Oceanography

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Variations with depth in properties of the sediment of Lake Washington are compared with known conditions in the lake. Annual changes of deposition form pairs of cryptic layers, dominated respectively by diatoms and mineral particles, that are revealed by X‐radiography. A period of eutrophication is recorded by sediment rich in phosphorus. Two later peaks of P can be attributed to deposition of eroded material during floods. The relative importance of diatom species changed in coordination with changes in nutrition and the presence of Oscillatoria which can suppress some species of centric diatoms by antibiosis. Experiments confirm that selective feeding by oligochetes can result in nonrandom transport of different components of sediment. Sporadic, brief outbursts of rare species of diatoms give precise dating and opportunity for measuring bioturbation under fully natural conditions by repeated sampling. Precise data on vertical distribution of diatoms are given by overlapping scanning electron micrographs of dried cores.

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“…Macrobenthos, through their burrowing, feeding, locomotive, respiratory and excretory activities, play an important role in mediating both physical and chemical processes near the sediment-water interface (Fisher 1982, McCall & Tevesz 1982. Tubificid worms are often, along with chironomid larvae, the most abundant macrofauna species in eutrophied stream and lake sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Population densities can be as high as millions of individuals per m2 (Palmer 1968). Many studies concerning the effect of these worms on the physical properties of the sediment have been carried out (McCall & Fisher 1980, Fisher 1982, McCall & Tevesz 1982. However, their role in nutrient cycling, specifically nitrogen cycling, has received less attention (Kikuchi & Kurihara 1977, 1982, Chaterpaul et al 1979, 1980.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their role in nutrient cycling, specifically nitrogen cycling, has received less attention (Kikuchi & Kurihara 1977, 1982, Chaterpaul et al 1979, 1980. Tubificid worms feed primarily in the top 2 to 8 cm of sediment (McCall & Tevesz 1982), adjusting their feeding depth to lower strata at higher worm densities (Robbins et al 1979, McCall & Fisher 1980. Tubificid worms are 'conveyor belt' feeders (Rhoads 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) on N-mineralization in freshwater sediments, measured with 15N isotopes

Sp¹,

Th²

1995

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Sediment cores conta~ning different dens~ties of Tubifex tublfex ranging from 0 to 70000 ind m-' were incubated in the laboratory Rates of O2 and N O , uptake NH,' production n~tr~fication and denitnfication were determined from sediment-water fluxes Pore water NH,+was measured at the end of the expenment At natural densities -50000 ind m ', there were increased rates of O2 consumption (x2), denitnfication of water phase NO; (x3) and NH,' efflux (x26) Nitrification was stimulated at low worm densities, but inhibited at higher worm densities The transport of reduced compounds and organic matter, with the fecal pellets, to the sediment surface stimulated anoxic cond~tions in the inhabited microcosms These anoxlc cond~tions led to increased rates of denitnfication and were responsible for the decrease in nitnfication at h~g h e r worm densities Approximately 25% of the NO? produced by nitnfication within the sedlment was subsequently den~trlfied Denitnfication was responslble for 25% of the NO, disappearance from the system The h~g h e r rates of denitrification were counterbalanced by higher rates of NH,' flux from the sediment It is likely however that the presence of T tubifex resulted in a net loss of nitrogen that could otherwise have been used by the primary producers KEY WORDS Bioturbation . Nitrification Denitnfication S e d~m e n t s

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The Effects of Benthos on Physical Properties of Freshwater Sediments

Cited by 88 publications

References 75 publications

Biological Responses of Lumbriculus variegatus Exposed to Fluoranthene-Spiked Sediment

Biological Responses of Lumbriculus variegatus Exposed to Fluoranthene-Spiked Sediment

Sedimentary record of changes in the condition of Lake Washington

Effects of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) on N-mineralization in freshwater sediments, measured with 15N isotopes

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