The effects of basic training on aerobic fitness and muscular strength and endurance of British Army recruits

Legg, Stephen; Duggan, Andrew

doi:10.1080/00140139608964560

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Earlier work on British Army BT by Vogel et al (1978), Legg and Duggan (1996) and Brock and Legg (1997) also showed improvements in aerobic ®tness. The value of +9.6% observed in the present study is relatively high, and most in agreement with the data (collected in 1972) from Vogel et al (1978).…”

Section: Aerobic ®Tnessmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Legg and Duggan (1996) reported mixed changes in measures of muscular strength and endurance for three diVerent types of male recruits during BT of 3, 5 or 11 months' duration in 1987. Brock and Legg (1997) reported small but statistically signi®cant improvements in ®tness of female recruits undergoing 6 weeks of BT in 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Brock and Legg (1997) reported small but statistically signi®cant improvements in ®tness of female recruits undergoing 6 weeks of BT in 1987. Legg and Duggan (1996) suggested that it may be advantageou s to place greater emphasis on progressive resistance training or lifting training during BT, as many military trades require material handling (MH) of heavy loads (Rayson 1998). However, only recently has a study evaluated the e cacy of British Army BT in improving MH ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance training and the enhancement of the gains in material-handling ability and physical fitness of British Army recruits during basic training

2002

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The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a modified British Army basic training that included resistance training in improving material-handling performance and physical fitness, and to compare the modified training directly with the normal basic training. Forty-three males [19.2 (2.6) years of age, 1764 (72) mm in height, 73.0 (10.6) kg in mass] and nine females [19.1 (2.2) years, 1641 (67) mm, 62.0 (7.2) kg] performed the modified basic training. Testing occurred in the week before and in the final week of the 11-week basic training. Improvements with the modified training were observed for all six material-handling tests, including 8-12% for maximal box lifting, 15-19% for repetitive lifting and carrying and 9-17% for loaded marching (all p < 0.01), and other established measures of aerobic fitness, strength and kinanthropometric characteristics. Significantly greater improvements were observed for the modified training compared with the normal training in maximal box lift to 1.45 m (12.4 versus 1.7%, p < 0.01), 3.2 km loaded march performance with 15 kg (8.9 versus 3.6%, p < 0.05), estimated fat-free mass (4.2 versus 1.5%, p < 0.001), predicted VO(2max) (1 min(-1)) (9.3 versus 4.1%, p < 0.01) and dynamic lift to 1.45 m (15.5 versus 0.2%, p < 0.001). It was concluded that the improvements in material-handling ability and other aspects of physical fitness brought about in recruits by British Army basic training can be enhanced by the use of a physical training programme that includes a carefully designed resistance training element. Of particular note are the improvements shown in performance on material-handling tasks that require muscular strength, as these represent many of the tasks that soldiers encounter in their military careers.

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Section: Aerobic ®Tnessmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance training and the enhancement of the gains in material-handling ability and physical fitness of British Army recruits during basic training

2002

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“…Dunkan and Harms [14] observed an improvement in VO2 max in physically active, healthy men and women of 5.5% after just 4 weeks of endurance training, a finding that was also likely a consequence of a low initial level of VO2 max (32.5 ml/kg/min). Indeed, several studies have shown that VO2 max tends to improve more the lower it is before the training program begins [31][32][33]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Endurance Training on Functional Status of the Respiratory Muscles in Healthy Men

Klusiewicz

Zubik

Długołęcka

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of an 8-week endurance training program on the functional status of the respiratory muscles and breathing efficiency. Material and methods. Thirteen healthy, untrained, male students of Physical Education volunteered to participate in the study. Before and after the subjects completed the training program, they were subjected to anthropometric and spirometric measurements, and performed an incremental stress test. The spirometric measurements included maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), active time, passive time, and diaphragm relaxation time. Measuring PImax is a simple method of evaluating the strength of the inspiratory muscles. The 8-week training program was performed on a rowing ergometer 3 times per week, using aerobic workloads. Results. The study did not confirm a significant improvement in the measured spirometric parameters following the training program. However, we observed a trend of increase in PImax values by 12 ± 21% of borderline after the training program and a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the changes in PImax and those in VO2 max. Following the training there was also a significant reduction in the amount of body fat by 1.4 kg and an improvement of work capacity. The response of the respiratory system to exercise was also enhanced, as breathing efficiency improved (tidal volume increased in maximal exercise, while lung ventilation, the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen, and breathing frequency decreased in submaximal exercise). Conclusions. The findings of the study suggest that traditional endurance training which is implemented over a 8 weeks is not a sufficiently strong stimulus to cause a significant increase in the strength of the inspiratory muscles.

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“…The non-commissioned and commissioned officers at the 120 th AG Replacement Battalion-Reception, (LTC Mark McAuley), the [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] th (LTC Robert Redfern) and the th Infantry Training Battalions (LTCJämes Helis and LTC David" Green)werer " instrumental in re-organizing the jam-packed training and in-processing schedules to allow the soldiers to be briefed, medically screened and participate in this study. A special thanks goes out to SFC Sandra Upshaw of the 120 th AG Replacement Battalion.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness of Soldiers Entering and Leaving Basic Combat Training

Sharp¹,

Knapik²,

Patton³

et al. 2000

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this' collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, This study examined the effectiveness of basic combat training (BCT) in improving the physical fitness of incoming soldiers and compared the physical fitness and trainability of current trainees to those measured in previous years. 350 soldiers (182 men and 168 women) were recruited from those entering two BCT battalions at the Ft Jackson Reception Station during May 1-14, 1998. Volunteers performed the following procedures before BCT: 1) continuous uphill treadmill running test of peak oxygen uptake (V02peak); 2) one-repetition maximum (1-RM) isometric strength test of the lower body, uppertorso and upright pulling strength; 3) 1-RM test of dynamic lifting strength; 4) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) assessment of body composition; 5) anthropometric measurements (skinfolds and circumferences); 6) vertical jump; 7) photometric measurement of limb length and joint diameters; and 8) joint mobility measures. A subset (99 men and 101 women) of the original 350 soldiers were tested on procedures 1-6 during the last week of BCT. The mean + SD age, height and body mass pre-BCT for men was 21.8 + 3.4 yrs, 176.5 + 7.0 cm, and 78.9 + 12.8 kg and for women was 21.4 + 3.4 yrs, 163.0 + 6.1 cm and 63.6 + 9.8 kg. The pre-BCT V02peak of men was equivalent to that seen in previous years while "that of women was higher than those tested 20 years ago (p<0.05). V02peak increased following BCT (3.6% in men and 6.3% in women). Although only lower body strength increased with training, the strength of todays recruits was comparable to, or greater than, the strength of recruits measured 15-20 years ago. Women lost 3% body fat (%BF) and gained 2.5 kg of FFM. Men lost 2%BF and gained 0.8 kg FFM. The body mass of men measured in 1998 was significantly greater pre-and post-BCT than men measured 15-20 years ago. Pre-BCT, the women measured in 1998 had more body mass than women measured 15-20 years ago (9,20), but there was no difference post-BCT. In conclusion: 1) BCT resulted in improvements in aerobic capacity and body composition; 2) increases in muscle strength were minimal; 3) while body mass and %BF are higher now, aerobic capacity, muscle strength and FFM of today's trainees was comparable to, or better than trainees 15-20 years ago. SUBJECT TERMS LIST OF FIGURES1. Pre-BCT frequency distribution for V0 2 peak (n=326) : 9 2. Frequency distribution of pre-BCT V0 2 peak (ml'kg^min 1 ) by gender 10 3. Pre...

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The effects of basic training on aerobic fitness and muscular strength and endurance of British Army recruits

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Resistance training and the enhancement of the gains in material-handling ability and physical fitness of British Army recruits during basic training

Resistance training and the enhancement of the gains in material-handling ability and physical fitness of British Army recruits during basic training

Effects of Endurance Training on Functional Status of the Respiratory Muscles in Healthy Men

Physical Fitness of Soldiers Entering and Leaving Basic Combat Training

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