The effects of attentional focus and cognitive tasks on postural sway may be the result of automaticity

Richer, Natalie; Saunders, Deanna; Polskaia, Nadia; Lajoie, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.02.022

Cited by 80 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Rather, the reduction in barbell position variability in the AP direction during an EF may be the by-product of greater postural stability derived from greater automaticity. This rationale is more consistent with previous findings made by Polskaia et al (2014), Richer et al (2017), and the constrained action hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, consciously attending to one's movements (i.e.…”

Section: Attentional Focus Effects On Posture During the Conventionalsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, without EMG, Polskaia et al (2014) were unable to determine if the greater postural stability from the EF was from an increase in automaticity, or if it was due to an ankle stiffening strategy. Richer et al (2017)'s findings provided evidence (i.e. increase in MPF with no increases in muscle activity about the ankle joint) that the increase in postural stability measures were the result greater automaticity.…”

Section: Attentional Focus Effects On Posture During the Conventionalmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Similarly, it was also hypothesized that subjects performing the COG would exhibit the greatest postural stability (i.e. Smaller COP area, smaller COP standard deviation and greater COP velocity in the anterior-posterior direction) (Polskaia, Richer, Dionne, & Lajoie, 2014;Richer, Saunders, Polskaia, & Lajoie, 2017) leading to greater force production (Chulvi-Medrano et al, 2010) when compared to an EF followed by an IF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Attentional Focus and Dual-tasking on Conventional Deadlift Performance in Experienced Lifters

Chan

Robertson

Lajoie

2019

IJKSS

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Background: Previous attentional focus literature suggests that adopting an external focus (EF) results in greater force production through a variety of mechanisms. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of attentional focus and dual-tasking when performing heavily loaded barbell movements that are specific to strength-based sports. Method: Fifteen resistance-trained males (age = 23.3 ± 3.4 years) reported to the laboratory for three visits. The first visit consisted of a five-repetition maximum (5RM) test on the conventional deadlift. During the subsequent sessions, the participants performed a total of twelve single conventional deadlift repetitions while adopting an internal focus (IF), an external focus (EF), or while performing the cognitive task (COG). The IF and EF consisted of focusing on activating the quadriceps and maintaining a straight bar path, respectively. The COG consisted of counting the total occurrence of two single-digits in a sequence of three-digit numbers, separately. Three-dimensional motion capture and force platforms were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Results: No significant differences were found between the IF, the EF and the COG for lift duration, peak barbell velocity, peak vertical ground reaction force, area of 95% confidence ellipse, peak hip moments and peak hip powers. Adopting an EF significantly reduced variability of the barbell trajectory and centre of pressure (COP) in the anterior-posterior direction. Mean velocity of COP was also significantly lower for the EF. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adopting an EF may lead to greater postural stability when performing heavily loaded barbell movements.

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Section: Attentional Focus Effects On Posture During the Conventionalsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Attentional Focus Effects On Posture During the Conventionalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Attentional Focus and Dual-tasking on Conventional Deadlift Performance in Experienced Lifters

Chan

Robertson

Lajoie

2019

IJKSS

Self Cite

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“…These cognitive tasks withdraw participants' attention from monitoring their postural performance. This in turn, allows the motor system to function in an unconstrained mode (Richer et al, 2017) and promotes automatic processes for regulating posture (Wulf et al, 2001) and gait (Verrel et al, 2009). However, some studies showed no effect (Kerr et al, 1985; Remaud et al, 2012) or a deterioration of standing (Dault et al, 2001; Woollacott and Vander Velde, 2008) whereas most studies reported a deterioration of gait in dual‐tasking (Al‐Yahya et al, 2011; Lin and Lin, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dual tasking on postural and gait performances in children with cerebral palsy and healthy children

Palluel

Chauvel

Bourg

et al. 2019

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Simultaneous execution of motor and cognitive tasks is embedded in the daily life of children. 53 children of 7-12 years and 22 adults (study 1), 20 healthy children and 20 children of 7-12 years with cerebral palsy (study 2) performed a Stroop-animal task simultaneously with a standing or a walking task in order to determine the attentional demand of postural control and locomotion. Dual-task cost decreased with advancing age in healthy children during balance. CP and healthy children were similarly affected by dual-task constraints during standing and walking. Children with diplegia were more affected by the DT during the postural task than children with hemiplegia. We found that adults could benefit from dual-tasking for standing. The integrated model of task prioritization might explain our results regarding postural reserve of each population.What this paper adds:• Dual Task Cost decreases with advancing age in healthy children during balance and adults could benefit from dual-tasking for standing • CP and healthy children were similarly affected by dual-task constraints during standing and walking • Children with diplegia were more affected by the DT during the postural task than children with hemiplegia

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“…It is therefore possible that the combination of altered sensory conditions and the aquatic-to-terrestrial environmental transition encouraged ankle joint stiffening as might be expected during the perception of a postural threat. 37,38 Follow-up work including kinematic and additional kinetic measurements, particularly shear force, may be warranted to test these conjectures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Posture Following a Single Session of Long-Duration Water Immersion

Glass

Rhea

Wittstein

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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Transitioning between different sensory environments is known to affect sensorimotor function and postural control. Water immersion presents a novel environmental stimulus common to many professional and recreational pursuits, but is not well-studied with regard to its sensorimotor effects upon transitioning back to land. The authors investigated the effects of long-duration water immersion on terrestrial postural control outcomes in veteran divers. Eleven healthy men completed a 6-hour thermoneutral pool dive (4.57 m) breathing diver air. Center of pressure was observed before and 15 minutes after the dive under 4 conditions: (1) eyes open/stable surface (Open-Stable); (2) eyes open/foam surface (Open-Foam); (3) eyes closed/stable surface (Closed-Stable); and (4) eyes closed/foam surface (Closed-Foam). Postdive decreases in postural sway were observed in all testing conditions except for Open-Stable. The specific pattern of center of pressure changes in the postdive window is consistent with (1) a stiffening/overregulation of the ankle strategy during Open-Foam, Closed-Stable, and Closed-Foam or (2) acute upweighting of vestibular input along with downweighting of somatosensory, proprioceptive, and visual inputs. Thus, our findings suggest that postimmersion decreases in postural sway may have been driven by changes in weighting of sensory inputs and associated changes in balance strategy following adaptation to the aquatic environment.

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The effects of attentional focus and cognitive tasks on postural sway may be the result of automaticity

Cited by 80 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Attentional Focus and Dual-tasking on Conventional Deadlift Performance in Experienced Lifters

Effects of Attentional Focus and Dual-tasking on Conventional Deadlift Performance in Experienced Lifters

Effects of dual tasking on postural and gait performances in children with cerebral palsy and healthy children

Changes in Posture Following a Single Session of Long-Duration Water Immersion

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