The effects of aquatic therapy on mobility of individuals with neurological diseases: a systematic review

Marinho-Buzelli, Andresa R; Bonnyman, Alison; Verrier, Mary C.

doi:10.1177/0269215514556297

Cited by 99 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Two reviews summarized that the water-based exercise for neurological disorder covers a wide variety, including resistance training, movement facilitation, motor control training, balance training, coordination training and other specific techniques 21,22 . They indicated that stroke patients improved significantly more in weight shifting ability, dynamic balance, and functional mobility as compared with the land-based intervention 21,22 .Ai Chi, first developed by Jun Konno in 1990s 23 , is one kind of water-based exercise emphasizing characteristics of balance training 24 . It resembles Tai Chi on land, complemented by Zen shiatzu and Watsu concepts 25 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of Ai Chi for balance in individuals with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Ku¹,

Chen

Yang³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This study investigated the effectiveness of Ai Chi compared to conventional water-based exercise on balance performance in individuals with chronic stroke. A total of 20 individuals with chronic stroke were randomly allocated to receive either Ai Chi or conventional water-based exercise for 60 min/time, 3 times/week, and a total of 6 weeks. Balance performance assessed by limit of stability (LOS) test and Berg balance scale (BBS). Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and gait performance were documented for lower extremity movement control and walking ability, respectively. Excursion and movement velocity in LOS test was significantly increased in anteroposterior axis after receiving Ai Chi (p = 0.005 for excursion, p = 0.013 for velocity) but not conventional water-based exercise. In particular, the improvement of endpoint excursion in the Ai Chi group has significant inter-group difference (p = 0.001). Both groups showed significant improvement in BBS and FMA yet the Ai Chi group demonstrated significantly better results than control group (p = 0.025). Ai Chi is feasible for balance training in stroke, and is able to improve weight shifting in anteroposterior axis, functional balance, and lower extremity control as compared to conventional water-based exercise.Stroke is a cerebral vascular disease caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain, cutting off the supply of oxygen and nutrients 1 . Damage to the brain tissue leads to sensory, motor, cognitive, and emotional deficits. With impaired motor and sensory functions, stroke patients suffer from deficits in balance control which plays crucial role in ambulatory function and thus as an important clinical indicator 2-5 . Balance is defined as the ability to maintain center of mass (COM) within the stability limits, the boundaries of the base of support (BOS) 6 . Balance control can be quantified by limit of stability (LOS) test, expressed by movement velocity, displacement excursion, and directional control 7,8 . Individuals with stroke usually show decline in the abovementioned balance performance 9-12 . Bohannon 13 noted the correlation between static standing ability and independent mobility in stroke patients (r = 0.62). Lee et al. 14 found that walking velocity is associated with maximal displacement excursion in LOS test (r = 0.68, p < 0.01) and Berg balance scale (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) in patients with stroke. In addition, the balance-related fall risks should also be addressed in people with chronic stroke 15,16 . Therefore, it is crucial to improve balance control in order to improve the balance-related activities for individuals with stroke.Several elements, such as strengthening, postural control, weight shifting, and agility exercise, are necessary to be incorporated during balance training 17 . It has also been noted that increased somatosensory inputs and visual deprivation might exert positive effects on top of balance training, as well as enriched environment 4,5,18,19 . Water-based exercise, by utilizing the properties of water, including ...

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confidence: 99%

The effects of Ai Chi for balance in individuals with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Ku¹,

Chen

Yang³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A higher percentage of the maximum score indicates a higher quality study: <50% (weak), 50%–69% (fair), 70%–79% (good), and 80%–100% (very good). [16,17] A third reviewer was involved to resolve disagreements between the 2 reviewers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aquatic exercise on physical function and fitness among people with spinal cord injury

Khoo

Adnan

2017

Medicine

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“…The increased COP sway (displacement and velocity) during pool immersion may reflect decreased postural steadiness and/or greater stimuli for postural control, as a result of the postural disturbances in the aquatic environment. Aquatic therapy programs focused on balance and mobility may have contributed to reported gains in balance function in other neurological populations [3,23]. In other populations with disabilities, aquatic exercise programs have led to improvements in parameters of COP sway on dry land.…”

Section: Is the Aquatic Environment A Stimulus For Training Postural mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquatic therapy has been underexplored in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation, despite the purported benefits of water immersion for the SCI population [1,2]. Although evidence supporting the positive effects of aquatic therapy on mobility among individuals with incomplete SCI (iSCI) is scarce [3], aquatic therapy has emerged as a promising approach to augment balance recovery [4]. Stevens et al (2015) reported improvements in balance function post underwater treadmill training in adults with iSCI [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water immersion on quasi-static standing exploring center of pressure sway and trunk acceleration: a case series after incomplete spinal cord injury

Marinho-Buzelli

Rouhani

Craven

et al. 2019

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

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Study design This work is a case series. Objectives We assessed the influence of the aquatic environment on quasi-static posture by measuring center of pressure (COP) sway and trunk acceleration parameters after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) in water and on land. Setting Tertiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Ontario, Canada. Methods Six adult participants with iSCI (4 cervical/2 thoracic injuries, AIS D) were enrolled. Baseline balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale and Mini-Balance Evaluation System Test. Participants stood on a waterproof force plate for one minute per trial on land and in water; participants completed testing with their eyes open or closed in random order over 10 trials. Individuals' perceptions of their standing balance were obtained. COP and trunk acceleration parameters were analyzed in the time-domain.

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The effects of aquatic therapy on mobility of individuals with neurological diseases: a systematic review

Abstract: Our synthesis showed "fair" evidence supporting the use of aquatic therapy to improve dynamic balance and gait speed in adults with certain neurological conditions.

Cited by 99 publications

References 30 publications

The effects of Ai Chi for balance in individuals with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial

The effects of Ai Chi for balance in individuals with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of aquatic exercise on physical function and fitness among people with spinal cord injury

Effects of water immersion on quasi-static standing exploring center of pressure sway and trunk acceleration: a case series after incomplete spinal cord injury

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