The Effects of Anesthetics on Action Potentials in the Cerebral Cortex of the Cat

Derbyshire, A. J.; Rempel, B.; Forbes, Alexander; Lambert, E. F.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1936.116.3.577

Cited by 195 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Previous investigations into the effects of anaesthetic agents upon the cerebral response to peripheral stimulation have been inconclusive; some authors (Derbyshire, Rempel Forbes & Lambert, 1936;French, Verzeano & Magoun, 1953;Lader & Norris, 1968) reported little or no effect whilst others (Brazier, 1953;Dawson, Podachin & Schatz, 1963;Domino, Corsen & Sweet, 1963;Angel, 1967;Angel et al, 1973;, showed a definite alteration of the cerebral evoked response in a variety of animal species including man. The present investigation shows that all of the commonly used anaesthetic agents, which were tested, produced a consistent alteration in the cerebral evoked response to forepaw stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Anaesthetic Agents on Cerebral Cortical Responses in the Rat

Angel

Gratton

1982

British J Pharmacology

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1 In rats, surgically anaesthetized with Urethane, an increase in the depth of anaesthesia upon administration of ethyl carbamate (Urethane), pentobarbitone sodium (Nembutal), thiopentone sodium (Intraval), althesin, ketamine, trichloroethylene, halothane, methoxyflurane, diethyl ether, ethyl-vinyl ether, cyclopropane, enflurane or chloroform resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the latency, and decrease in the amplitudes of the initial positive and negative components of the short latency cortical response to electrical stimuli applied to the forepaw. 2 The same changes were seen when starting from initially unanaesthetized rats and anaesthetizing them with Urethane. 3 With all the inhalational agents used these changes lasted for as long as the administration except with nitrous oxide where the changes in the cortical response were transient.4 The tranquillizing agents diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and haloperidol showed no such action. Chloral hydrate and chlorpromazine, on the other hand, produced moderate changes in the evoked cortical response similar to those seen with the other anaesthetic agents used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Anaesthetic Agents on Cerebral Cortical Responses in the Rat

Angel

Gratton

1982

British J Pharmacology

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“…To reveal a possible unilateral trigger for bilateral spike-wave activity, a methohexital (MHXT) infusion (60 mg/min until silent EEG) was given to two patients to suppress all neural transmission except that occurring along thalamocortical and transcallosal connections (11,21), To identify the side of the primary epileptic focus, delays were measured between the first 10-20 post-suppression right-and left-hemisphere spikes at their first detectable positive or negative peak.…”

Section: Barbiturate Suppression Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MHXT reduces polysynaptic activity (21) and simplifies the EEG pattern. Absence of convexial signals reduces the complexity of MEG spikes, which, similar to MHXT, may reflect the basic spread patterns of LKS spikes better than nonpharmacologic sleep EEG.…”

Section: Source Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoencephalography in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with the Landau‐Kleffner Syndrome

et al. 1999

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Summary: Purpose: Our aim was (a) to localize the primary epileptogenic cortex for possible multiple subpial transsection in four children with the Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS), and (b) to evaluate the impact of magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the localizing process.Methods: We used EEG to detect the overall epileptiform activity and MEG for selective recording of fissural spikes. The cortical generators of MEG spikes were modeled with dipoles, and their activation order was determined. The voltage distribution, consistent with the earliest MEG sources, was then identified during the course of the patient's EEG spikes to determine the relative timing between stereotypic EEG and MEG spikes and to distinguish the earliest (primary) source area among the secondary ones.Results: In all patients, the earliest spike activity originated in the intrasylvian cortex, spreading in one subject to the contralateral sylvian cortex within 20 ms. Secondary spikes occurred within 10-60 ms in ipsilateral perisylvian, temporooccipital, and parietooccipital areas. A single intrasylvian pacemaker initiated all epileptic activity in two patients, whereas the other two had independent left-and right-hemisphere circuits or focal spikes. MEG source dynamics predicted the results of the methohexital suppression test in two patients and was confirmed by surgery outcome in one patient, in whom all epileptic activity ceased after a small transsection of the sylvian pacemaker.Conclusions: (a) The intrasylvian cortex is a likely pacemaker of epileptic discharges in LKS, and (b) MEG provides useful presurgical information of the cortical spike dynamics in LKS patients.

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“…A great deal is already known about the electrical activity of the various regions of the cortex which receive messages from the sense organs: the reactions of the visual area have been analysed in detail by Bartley & Bishop [1933], those of the auditory area in the cat by Bremer [1938] and of the sensory area in the monkey by Marshall, Woolsey & Bard [Bard, 1938], and general surveys have been made by Kornmiiller [1937], by Gerard, Marshall & Saul [1936] and Derbyshire, Rempel, Forbes & Lambert [1936]. Much of the present work has merely confirmed what has been done already, but the recording of nerve impulses as well as cortical potentials can add some details to the picture of events taking place in the brain, and in existing circumstances it seemed advisable to publish what had been done.…”

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confidence: 99%