The effects of androgens on metabolic functions in females

Iwasa, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Yuri; Shinya, Akari; Minato, Saki; Yanagihara, Rie; Kamada, Shuhei; Imaizumi, Junki; Kagawa, Tomohiro; Shirakawa, Aya; Noguchi, Hiroki; Nakagawa, Tomotaka; Taniguchi, Miyu; Kadota, Yuri; Kawakita, Takako; Yoshida, Kanako; Kato, Takeshi; Irahara, Minoru

doi:10.2152/jmi.68.228

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…Although advanced reproductive techniques, such as in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection, may be able to overcome the effects of undernutrition on reproduction, it is important to remember that improvements in metabolic, nutritional, and stress conditions should be considered first. In addition, because many studies have revealed that the disturbance of gonadal hormonal status [120][121][122][123], including hypogonadism due to undernutrition, may cause some adverse effects in females, we should also pay attention to their general health condition, especially in undernourished infertile or amenorrheic women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of undernutrition and low energy availability on reproductive functions and their underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms

et al. 2022

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It has been well established that undernutrition and low energy availability disturb female reproductive functions in humans and many animal species. These reproductive dysfunctions are mainly caused by alterations of some hypothalamic factors, and consequent reduction of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Evidence from literature suggests that increased activity of orexigenic factors and decreased activity of anorexigenic/satiety-related factors in undernourished conditions attenuate GnRH secretion in an integrated manner. Likewise, the activity of kisspeptin neurons, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is also reduced in undernourished conditions. In addition, it has been suggested that gonadotrophininhibitory hormone, which has anti-GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, may be involved in reproductive dysfunctions under several kinds of stress conditions. It should be remembered that these alterations, i.e., promotion of feeding behavior and temporary suppression of reproductive functions, are induced to prioritize the survival of individual over that of species, and that improvements in metabolic and nutritional conditions should be considered with the highest priority.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of undernutrition and low energy availability on reproductive functions and their underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms

et al. 2022

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Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor

Zhao,

Wang,

Tan

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Across the wide range of clinical conditions, there exists a sex imbalance where biological females are more prone to autoimmune diseases and males to some cancers. These discrepancies are the combinatory consequence of lifestyle and environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and oncogenic viruses, as well as other intrinsic biological traits including sex chromosomes and sex hormones. While the emergence of immuno-oncology (I/O) has revolutionised cancer care, the efficacy across multiple cancers may be limited because of a complex, dynamic interplay between the tumour and its microenvironment (TME). Indeed, sex and gender can also influence the varying effectiveness of I/O. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in shaping the TME. Here, we lay out the epidemiological context of sex disparity in cancer and then review the current literature on how AR signalling contributes to such observation via altered tumour development and immunology. We offer insights into AR-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms, with the hope of translating preclinical and clinical evidence in gender oncology into improved outcomes in personalised, I/O-based cancer care.

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The effects of androgens on metabolic functions in females

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of undernutrition and low energy availability on reproductive functions and their underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms

Effects of undernutrition and low energy availability on reproductive functions and their underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms

Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor

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