The effects of amlodipine and enalapril on renal function in adults with hypertension and nondiabetic nephropathies: A 3-year, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Esnault, Vincent; Brown, Edwina A.; Apetrei, Eduard; Bagon, Jacques; Calvo, Carlos; deChâtel, Rudolf; Holdaas, Hallvard; Krčmery, S.; Kobalava, Zh. D.

doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.03.006

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Data regarding the effects of ACE inhibitors compared with placebo or active agents on kidney failure events were available from 55 trials with 17,926 patients, among whom 1,464 events were observed. 6,12,24,25,[27][28][29][30][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][48][49][50][58][59][60][61][62]64,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][79][80][81][82][84][85][86][87][88]…”

Section: Kidney Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seventy-six studies involving 37,538 patients evaluated the effect of ACE inhibitors or ARBs compared with placebo or active agents on major cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with CKD, [4][5][6][7][8]12,45,[49][50][51][52][53][54][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][68][69][70][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]83,85,86,90,[92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][104]…”

Section: Cardiovascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With CKD: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Xie

Liu

Perkovic

et al. 2016

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

324

212

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Section: Kidney Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiovascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With CKD: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Xie

Liu

Perkovic

et al. 2016

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

324

212

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“…In contrast to REIN, however, the AVER study of enalapril versus amlodipine in patients with non diabetic CKD (excluding those with proteinuria > 3.5 g/d) found no benefi t in GFR decline with enalapril after 36 months of follow-up, even in patients with greater than 1 g/d of proteinuria [17]. The enalapril group did have a more signifi cant reduction in proteinuria (a decrease of 356 mg per 24 hours vs a decrease of 142 mg).…”

Section: Ace Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockersmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Specifi cally, the inhibition of L-type calcium channels leads to varying degrees of afferent and efferent arteriolar vasodilatation and allows for a reduction of intraglomerular pressure, although studies have suggested a greater effect on the afferent arteriole leading to increased intraglomerular pressure [18]. Nevertheless, studies have failed to identify an additional benefi t of CCBs [6,17].…”

Section: Calcium Channel Blockersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of blood pressure lowering on markers of kidney disease progression

Udani¹,

Koyner

2009

Current Science Inc

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Hypertension remains a common comorbidity and cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the number of patients with CKD grows, so does the need to identify modifiable risk factors for CKD progression. Data on slowing progression of CKD or preventing end-stage renal disease with aggressive blood pressure control have not yielded definitive conclusions regarding ideal blood pressure targets. Shifting the focus of antihypertensive therapy to alternative markers of end-organ damage, specifically proteinuria, has yielded some promise in preventing the progression of CKD. Nevertheless, proteinuria and decline in estimated GFR may represent an irreversible degree of injury to the kidney that limits the impact of any therapy. The identification and use of novel markers of kidney injury to assess the impact of antihyper-tensive therapy may yield clearer direction with regard to optimal management of hypertension in the setting of CKD.

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“…In the AVER (Amlodipine Versus Enalapril in Renal Failure) study, Esnault et al compared amlodipine and enalapril in 263 nondiabetic patients with hypertension who were followed for 3 years [ 30 ]. The GFR measured using 51 Cr-EDTA showed a similar (statistically not signifi cant) decline in both groups: −4.92 ml/min and −3.98 ml/min in amlodipine and enalapril groups, respectively.…”

Section: Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (Ckd)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Calcium Channel Blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension

Kanno

Ohno

Takenaka

2015

Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Disease

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Calcium channel blockers are potent and widely used antihypertensive drugs. They act by preventing calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels, predominantly the L-type, into cells resulting in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. They dilate arteries and arterioles that increase end-organ perfusion and exhibit a few adverse effects especially in the elderly hypertensive patients. The safety of calcium channel blockers is well established. Clinical trials have established non-inferiority of calcium channel blockers as compared to angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-II AT 1 receptor blockers, and diuretics for the prespecifi ed cardiovascular endpoints. Calcium channel blockers can manifest blood pressure-independent cardiovascular protection, but this effect largely depends on their effi cacy to lower blood pressure including that of central blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers are essential antihypertensive drugs to reach goal blood pressure and thus the treatment of choice (although not always the fi rstline agent) for most hypertensive patients, especially for the high-risk population and those with resistant hypertension. An intense treatment of hypertensive patients with adequate doses of calcium channel blockers is mandatory to improve cardiovascular prognosis. In this chapter, important clinical evidence to support the effi cacy of calcium channel blockers to improve cardiovascular endpoints will be reviewed.

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The effects of amlodipine and enalapril on renal function in adults with hypertension and nondiabetic nephropathies: A 3-year, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With CKD: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With CKD: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Effect of blood pressure lowering on markers of kidney disease progression

Calcium Channel Blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension

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