The effects of alcohol on semantic and phonetographic generalization

Appropriateness of the stimulus-reinforcement contingency in instrumental differential conditioning of the eyelid response to the arithmetic concepts of "right" and "wrong."

“…This is particularly true because the Soviet investigators (e.g., Faddeeva, 1956;Naroditskaia, 19S6) obtained their differential generalization to concept class names with an instrumentally conditioned response. Also semantic generalization seems to be more readily obtained with an instrumental than with a classically conditioned response (e.g., Feather, 1965;Levy & Murphy, 1966;Novak & Grant, 1965;Razran, 1961). In spite of these considerations it would seem that differential cognitive generalization is not always greater in an instrumental as compared with a classical conditioning situation.…”

Semantic generalization over a bipolar dimension of meaning.

“…A secondary purpose of these experiments was that of establishing a reliable procedure for obtaining semantic generalization, because when generalization has been obtained the relative amounts of observed semantic and phonetographic generalization (Hartman, 1965;Razran, 1961) are influenced by many important variables. These variables include age (Reiss, 1946;Rice & DiVesta, 1965), administration of drugs (Shvarts, 1960), or alcohol (Levy & Murphy, 1966), and presence of behavior pathology (Peastrel, 1964). Development of a technique which could be used to obtain reliable semantic generalization in a base-level sense is needed to facilitate further investigation of the phenomenon and the factors influencing it.…”