“…During the same period, researchers from a variety of disciplines have repeatedly found that domestic violence is influenced by a much wider range of factors (Elliott, 1977;Rounsaville, 1978;Straus, 1973). Violence between intimates and family members stems from a complex of etiological processes with neurological (Dutton, 2001;Meloy, 1992;Schore, 2003a,b), psychological (Dutton, 2002;Dutton & Holtzworth-Munroe, 1997a,b;Dutton, Saunders, Starzomski, & Bartholomew, 1994;Dutton & Starzomski, 1993;Hamberger & Hastings, 1991;Holtzworth-Munroe, Bates, Smutzler, & Sandin, 1997;Holtzworth-Munroe, Stuart, & Hutchinson, 1997), interpersonal (Jacobson et al, 1994;Leonard & Roberts, 1998;Margolin, John, & Gleberman, 1989), situational (Eckhardt, Barbour, & Davis, 1998;Fagan, 1989;Fagan, Stewart, & Hansen, 1983), and cultural influences (Archer, 2005;Dutton, 1985). The etiology of intimate partner violence has been found to have long term development (Dutton, 2000(Dutton, , 2002 stemming from early family influences such as witnessed violence (Dutton, 2000;Egland, 1993), shaming (Dutton, Starzomski, & Ryan, 1996;Dutton, Swanson, van Ginkel, & Starzomski, in press), and trauma (Dutton & Holtzworth-Munroe, 1997a,b).…”