The Effects of Aging on Clinical Vestibular Evaluations

Maheu, Maxime; Houde, Marie-Soleil; Landry, Simon P.; Champoux, François

doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00205

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In this study, the saccule expands with age in females, and the utricle expands with age in males. These results imply that these minute structural changes may be correlated with the physiological findings from the several previous articles of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), and of gait studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . The origin of cVEMP is considered to be the saccular function, and the origin of oVEMP is considered to be the utricular function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…This phenomenon is interpreted as being associated with a relatively saccular insufficiency in females. Although age-related vestibular losses are noted for both genders, oVEMPs are not associated with gait speed in both genders 17 . These results suggest that gender differences in walking speed with age may be caused by the saccular function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Vestibular Aging Process from 3D Physiological Imaging of the Membranous Labyrinth

Tanioka¹,

Tanioka²,

Kaga

2020

Sci Rep

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There is no three-dimensional (3D) technique to study the microanatomical structures of the in vivo 3D vestibular membranous labyrinth. Recent two MRI methods using a contrast agent can only depict the low-resolution imaging of endolymphatic hydrops. Therefore, we provide the new precise volume rendering algorithms to create the in vivo 3D vestibular membranous labyrinth images from highresolution temporal bone low-dose CT data. We also ascertain whether the created 3D microstructure images are reliable in anatomical findings. Secondary, we will analyze the age-related changes of the vestibular membranous labyrinth. These created 3D membranous vestibular images were almost consistent with the appearance, dimensions, areas, and angles from those acquired in previous histological works. The age-related image changes showed the enlarged saccule in females, the enlarged utricle in males, and the dilated tendency of the lateral semicircular duct. These results may correlate to the findings of the previous physiological works on cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and gait studies. The age-related balance disorders may be associated with the enlargement of each membranous organ in the vestibule. This new imaging technique now enables visualizing microanatomical changes in the in vivo membranous vestibulum, and these created 3D images may suggest physiological information.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Vestibular Aging Process from 3D Physiological Imaging of the Membranous Labyrinth

Tanioka¹,

Tanioka²,

Kaga

2020

Sci Rep

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“…The resistance to updating movements in older adults indicates higher reliance on previous experiences, which could be explained by either (1) poorer sensitivity to errors or (2) higher costs associated to exploration in older adults. Consider that healthy aging increases sensory (Zhang et al, 2008 ; Goble et al, 2009 ; Maheu et al, 2015 ) and motor noise (Holloszy and Larsson, 1995 ; Laidlaw et al, 2000 ; Kallio et al, 2012 ; Vanden Noven et al, 2014 ), which reduce the certainty of sensed errors updating internal representations of the environment (Wolpert et al, 1995 ). Consequently, the sensitivity to errors decreases, increasing the reliance on prior estimations of the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit Action Switching Interferes with the Context-Specificity of Motor Memories in Older Adults

Sombric

Harker

Sparto

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Healthy aging impairs the ability to adapt movements to novel situations and to switch choices according to the context in cognitive tasks, indicating resistance to changes in motor and cognitive behaviors. Here we examined if this lack of “flexibility” in old subjects observed in motor and cognitive domains were related. To this end, we evaluated subjects' performance in a motor task that required switching walking patterns and its relation to performance in a cognitive switching task. Specifically, a group of old (>73 years old) and young subjects learned a new locomotor pattern on a split-belt treadmill, which drives the legs at different speeds. In both groups, we assessed the ability to disengage the walking pattern learned on the treadmill when walking overground. Then, we determined if this motor context-specificity was related to subjects' cognitive ability to switch actions in a set-shift task. Motor and cognitive behaviors were tested twice on separate visits to determine if age-related differences were maintained with exposure. Consistent with previous studies, we found that old adults adapted slower and had deficits in retention. Most importantly, we found that older subjects could not switch locomotor patterns when transitioning across walking contexts. Interestingly, cognitive switching performance was inversely related to subjects' ability to switch walking patterns. Thus, cognitive mediated switching interfered with locomotor switching. These findings were maintained across testing sessions. Our results suggest that distinct neural substrates mediate motor and cognitive action selection, and that these processes interfere with each other as we age.

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“…This also includes measurements across all age brackets-with a sufficient number of individuals for each age bracket (the sufficient number will depend on measurement precision and expected age gradient)-because vestibular function slowly decreases during aging (for Refs. 23,24). There is, for instance, a decline of normal horizontal VOR velocity gain by 0.017 per decade (95% confidence interval 0.006-0.029; p = 0.005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Worldwide survey on laboratory testing of vestibular function

et al. 2020

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BackgroundThe function of the peripheral vestibular system can nowadays be quantified. The video head impulse test (vHIT) and caloric irrigation are used for the semicircular canals, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) for the sacculus, and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) for the utriculus. Because there is no agreement on normal and pathologic values, we performed a worldwide survey.MethodsA web-based standardized survey questionnaire was used to collect data on “reference values” and “cutoff” values. Thirty-eight centers from all continents (except Africa) replied.Results“Reference values”: vHIT: mean for the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain of the left horizontal canal 0.91 (range: 0.7–1.01) and of the left horizontal canal 0.92 (0.7–1.05); side difference 0.15 (0.25–0.3). Caloric irrigation: mean peak slow phase velocity of caloric-induced nystagmus for warm (44°C) water 18.65°/s (12–30°/s); cold (30°C) water 18.21°/s (10–25°/s). cVEMP: P13-N23 amplitude mean for the lower limit 28.67 μV (16–50 μV); upper limit 200 μV (50–350 μV). “Cutoff values”: vHIT: side difference 0.26 (0.1–0.4), bilateral vestibulopathy <0.61 (0.3–0.8); unilateral vestibulopathy (UVP) <0.68 (0.4–0.8). Caloric irrigation pathologic side difference mean 25.93% (17.7%–40%) or 12°/sec (5–30°/s); side difference UVP 26.73% (20%–40%) or 29.8°/s (5–100°/s). cVEMP: P13/N23 amplitude mean lower cutoff 32.5 μV (15–50 μV), mean upper cutoff 125 μV (50–200 μV), asymmetry 36.08 μV (20–50 μV).ConclusionThis worldwide survey showed a large variability in terms of reference and pathologic cutoff values in the 38 centers included. Therefore, standardization of how to achieve these values and agreement on which values should be used is highly warranted to guarantee a high quality of vestibular testing and interpretation of clinical and scientific results.

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The Effects of Aging on Clinical Vestibular Evaluations

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Vestibular Aging Process from 3D Physiological Imaging of the Membranous Labyrinth

Vestibular Aging Process from 3D Physiological Imaging of the Membranous Labyrinth

Explicit Action Switching Interferes with the Context-Specificity of Motor Memories in Older Adults

Worldwide survey on laboratory testing of vestibular function

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