The effects of aging and secular trend on adult stature in rural western Ireland

Relethford, John H.; Lees, Francis C.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330550111

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…One possible way that the cross-sectional design of this study may systematically distort the current analysis is via the well-described secular trends of increasing height and weight that were documented over the previous century [e.g., Relethford and Lees, 1981]. Our inclusion of TIV as a covariate should account for any exaggeration of age-related brain volume decline associated with an underlying trend of increasing body size in younger subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging

Grieve¹,

Clark²,

Williams³

et al. 2005

Human Brain Mapping

264

221

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Patterns of gray matter (GM) loss were measured in 223 healthy subjects spanning eight decades. We observed significant clusters of accelerated loss in focal regions of the frontal and parietal cortices, including the dorsolateral frontal cortex, pre- and postcentral gyrus, and the inferior and superior parietal lobes. The rate of loss in these clusters was approximately twice that of the global average. By contrast, clusters of significant GM preservation were found in limbic and paralimbic structures, including the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and the cingulate gyrus. In these clusters, GM loss was attenuated significantly relative to the global rate. The preservation of these structures is consistent with the functional importance of the thalamo-limbic circuits in sensory integration, arousal, emotion, and memory, and lends credence to the idea that later-maturing cortical regions are more vulnerable to age-related morphologic changes. Moreover, the limbic findings act as a frame of reference to explore further the effects of stress and learning on these structures in an evidence-based manner across age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging

Grieve¹,

Clark²,

Williams³

et al. 2005

Human Brain Mapping

264

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This effect begins in the mid-40s, thereafter followed by a relatively rapid decrease in measured height (Galloway et al, 1990). However, the amount of height loss is not exclusively a result of the aging process itself, but also a function of birth cohort (Relethford and Lees, 1981;Rossman, 1986). The relative importance of birth cohort effects and actual age-related declines in height with aging can be assessed, and estimates vary between 40-60% in terms of secular change (Cline et al, 1989).…”

Section: Age-related Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The short die young: The interrelationship between stature and longevity—evidence from skeletal remains

Kemkes-Grottenthaler

2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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It has long been observed that tall people display longer life spans. The current data were employed to verify this association within the bioarchaeological context. To this end, stature and its association with age-at-death were analyzed in a pooled sample of 2,923 skeletons. Height was estimated from proxy indicators based on the maximum length of the humerus, radius, femur, and tibia. Stature estimation followed the procedure outlined by Pearson ([1899] Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. [A] 192:169-244), incorporating minor modifications by Rösing ([ 1988] Handbuch der vergleichenden Biologie des Menschen; Stuttgart: Gustave Fischer, p 586-600). Individual age estimates were classified into three mutually exclusive age groups: 20-39 years (591 males, 667 females), 40-59 years (876 males, 499 females), and 60+ years (171 males, 119 females). The results document that both sexes display a statistically significant inverse relationship between adult height and age-at-death (males, P < 0.01; females, P < 0.05). Taking an epidemiological approach, the risk model implies that the estimated odds of survival beyond age 40 improve by approximately 16% for 1 SD in bone length. However, not all bones may be equally adept at displaying the association. The radius failed to support the positive association between stature and longevity, which may be indicative of a relatively greater contribution of environmental factor to radius length. Overall, the relationship between body height and longevity is not causal but coincidental: mitigated by diverse environmental factors such as nutrition, socioeconomic stressors, and disease load.

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“…Estimates of age-associated stature loss vary among populations and with age range considered (Miall et al, 1967;Hertzog et al, 1969;Himes and Mueller, 1977;Panek, 1978;Relethford and Lees, 1981;Chumlea et al, 1988). For example, estimated declines in height with age were 0.05 cm per year in middle class American White adults of both sexes between 65 and 89 years (Chumlea et al, 1988) and 0.11 cm per year in rural Polish adults of both sexes between 35 and 76 years (Panek, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Secular change in heights of indigenous adults from a Zapotec‐speaking community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico

Malina

Reyes

Little

2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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Secular change in adult height of residents in a rural indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca was evaluated. Subjects were measured in 1971 (49 males, 26 females 19-70 years), 1978 (128 males, 124 females 19-82 years) and 2000 (155 males, 255 females 19-89 years). Heights were adjusted for estimated loss with age using two protocols; height at 21 years of age was also estimated. The effects of age and secular factors on measured and adjusted heights were evaluated through segmented linear regressions for three birth periods, <1930, 1930 through 1959 and >or=1960 which approximate significant periods in Mexican history. Secular increase in height occurred but estimated rates varied over time and between sexes. Males born before 1930 showed a secular increase in height but females did not. Adults of both sexes born 1930-1959 showed secular gains and estimated rates did not differ. The secular gain in height continued among those born 1960 and later and estimated rates were similar in both sexes. Estimated height at 21 years of age increased in males (not significant) but not in females born before 1930, showed little or no change in those born between 1930-1959, and increased (not significant) in those born 1960 and later. Combining observations on adults with those for youth in the community indicated several phases of secular change in height that varied with years of birth.

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The effects of aging and secular trend on adult stature in rural western Ireland

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging

Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging

The short die young: The interrelationship between stature and longevity—evidence from skeletal remains

Secular change in heights of indigenous adults from a Zapotec‐speaking community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico

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