The effects of additives on the reduction of the pour point of diesel fuel and fuel oil

Studying the impact of different additives on the properties of straight-run diesel fuels with various hydrocarbon compositions

“…A large number of research papers are devoted to the synthesis of the new high-performance cold flow improvers. The main acting components in the developed additives are polymers, such as a binary alternating polymer based on maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate [13], amidopolyformaldehyde [14], methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride [15], nanohybrid poly (tetradecyl-methyl-acrylate)-grafene oxide [16], polymethyl acrylate, ethylene poly-a-olefin [17], vinyl acetate copolymer [18,19], a tetrapolymer consisting of methacrylates with maleic anhydride and methacrylic morpholine and their amine compounds [19], n-alkyl acrylate-vinyl acetate-styrene-ternary copolymer [20], dialkyl fumarate-styrene-vinyl acetate-terpolymer [21], dimethyl fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymer [22], dimeric surfaceactive substances [23]. Polymeric additives improve pumpability of diesel fuel by change the crystalline structure of wax crystals which tend to solidify at low temperatures and block fuel filters.…”

Effect of blending biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil on the properties of residual fuel oil: energy saving and the economic cost

“…In general, residual fuel are a complex mixture of long chain hydrocarbons and contain amounts of wax and paraffins which reduce its fluidity and cause problems in its production and storage. 43 …”

“…In general, residual fuel are a complex mixture of long chain hydrocarbons and contain amounts of wax and paraffins which reduce its uidity and cause problems in its production and storage. 43 The residual heavy fuels are also rich in asphaltenes, which can lead to several transportation and recovery problems due to increased viscosity. The paraffins may also crystallize or deposit in the storage tanks leading the fuel to be immovable and causing blockages at pipelines.…”

Expansion of the feedstock base for the production of diesel fuel by involving the heavy fractions and cold flow improvers

“…Thus, the involvement of cold flow improvers (depressant, dispersant, and depressant-dispersant additives) is an integrant stage in the production of low-freezing diesel fuels [13][14][15][16]. The use of additives, depending on the composition of diesel fuel, allows producing inter-season, winter, and in some cases, arctic grades of diesel fuel.…”

“…A large number of research papers are devoted to the synthesis of the new high-performance cold flow improvers. The main acting components in the developed additives are polymers, such as a binary alternating polymer based on maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate [10], amidopolyformaldehyde [17], methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride [18], nanohybrid poly (tetradecylmethylacrylate)-grafene oxide [19], polymethyl acrylate, ethylene poly-a-olefin [14], vinyl acetate copolymer [20,21], a tetrapolymer consisting of methacrylates with maleic anhydride and methacrylic morpholine and their amine compounds [22], n-alkyl acrylate-vinyl acetate-styrene-ternary copolymer [23], dialkyl fumarate-styrene-vinyl acetate-terpolymer [24], dimethyl fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymer [25], dimeric surface-active substances [26].…”