The effects of acute exercise on appetite and energy intake in men and women

Tobin, Selene Y.; Cornier, Marc‐Andre; White, Mollie H.; Hild, Allison K.; Simonsen, Sara E.; Melanson, Edward L.; Halliday, Tanya M.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113562

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Some estimates suggest inclusion of women in sports science research to be as low as 3% ( Brookshire, 2016 ). In addition, it’s well accepted that sex is a factor influencing acute and chronic training adaptations ( Ansdell et al, 2020 ), as well as muscle function ( Beaven et al, 2014 ), capillary density ( Robbins et al, 2009 ), hunger responses ( Tobin et al, 2021 ), and fat metabolism ( Power and Schulkin, 2008 ) and therefore, we chose to analyze women and men as two separate cohorts in this study. Given the paucity of scientific investigations examining potential differences with time of day (TOD) in which training is performed on physical performance and health-related outcomes in healthy active women and the inherent physiologic and athletic performance differences compared to men, the primary aim of the present study was to examine the separate effects of multimodal RISE ETOD on fitness–and health-related performance outcomes in both healthy, normal weight women and men consuming a range of adequate protein intake (1.1–2.2 g/kg body weight).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morning Exercise Reduces Abdominal Fat and Blood Pressure in Women; Evening Exercise Increases Muscular Performance in Women and Lowers Blood Pressure in Men

et al. 2022

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The ideal exercise time of day (ETOD) remains elusive regarding simultaneous effects on health and performance outcomes, especially in women.Purpose: Given known sex differences in response to exercise training, this study quantified health and performance outcomes in separate cohorts of women and men adhering to different ETOD.Methods: Thirty exercise-trained women (BMI = 24 ± 3 kg/m2; 42 ± 8 years) and twenty-six men (BMI = 25.5 ± 3 kg/m2; 45 ± 8 years) were randomized to multimodal ETOD in the morning (0600–0800 h, AM) or evening (1830–2030 h, PM) for 12 weeks and analyzed as separate cohorts. Baseline (week 0) and post (week 12) muscular strength (1-RM bench/leg press), endurance (sit-ups/push-ups) and power (squat jumps, SJ; bench throws, BT), body composition (iDXA; fat mass, FM; abdominal fat, Abfat), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), profile of mood states (POMS), and dietary intake were assessed.Results: Twenty-seven women and twenty men completed the 12-week intervention. No differences at baseline existed between groups (AM vs PM) for both women and men cohorts. In women, significant interactions (p < 0.05) existed for 1RM bench (8 ± 2 vs 12 ± 2, ∆kg), pushups (9 ± 1 vs 13 ± 2, ∆reps), BT (10 ± 6 vs 45 ± 28, ∆watts), SJ (135 ± 6 vs 39 ± 8, ∆watts), fat mass (−1.0 ± 0.2 vs −0.3 ± 0.2, ∆kg), Abfat (−2.6 ± 0.3 vs −0.9 ± 0.5, ∆kg), diastolic (−10 ± 1 vs−5 ± 5, ∆mmHg) and systolic (−12.5 ± 2.7 vs 2.3 ± 3, mmHg) BP, AM vs PM, respectively. In men, significant interactions (p < 0.05) existed for systolic BP (−3.5 ± 2.6 vs −14.9 ± 5.1, ∆mmHg), RER (−0.01 ± 0.01 vs −0.06 ± 0.01, ∆VCO2/VO2), and fatigue (−0.8 ± 2 vs −5.9 ± 2, ∆mm), AM vs PM, respectively. Macronutrient intake was similar among AM and PM groups.Conclusion: Morning exercise (AM) reduced abdominal fat and blood pressure and evening exercise (PM) enhanced muscular performance in the women cohort. In the men cohort, PM increased fat oxidation and reduced systolic BP and fatigue. Thus, ETOD may be important to optimize individual exercise-induced health and performance outcomes in physically active individuals and may be independent of macronutrient intake.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morning Exercise Reduces Abdominal Fat and Blood Pressure in Women; Evening Exercise Increases Muscular Performance in Women and Lowers Blood Pressure in Men

et al. 2022

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“…However, self-reported dietary intake data are highly prone to misreporting and often unrelated to actual energy intake ( 40 ). The acute energy intake data for this trial are published elsewhere ( 25 , 26 ). Third, waking wear time was identified from the first and last instance of steps registered on the ActivPAL device.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise on Nonexercise Physical Activity

et al. 2023

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Introduction/Purpose A reduction in nonexercise physical activity (NEPA) after exercise may reduce the effectiveness of exercise interventions on weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. Aerobic exercise (AEx) and resistance exercise (REx) may have different effects on NEPA. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the effect of a single bout of AEx or REx on NEPA and sedentary behavior in inactive adults with overweight or obesity. Methods Adults with overweight or obesity (n = 24; 50% male; age, 34.5 ± 1.5 yr; body mass index, 28.5 ± 0.9 kg·m−2) not meeting current physical activity guidelines completed a single 45-min bout of AEx, REx, or a sedentary control on different days in random order. After each condition, participants’ NEPA was recorded for 84 h by accelerometer. Time spent sedentary and in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity; steps; metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours; and sit-to-stand transitions were calculated using activity count data. Results No differences were observed in the percent of waking time spent sedentary and in light, moderate, and vigorous activity between conditions (P > 0.05). No differences were observed in steps, MET-hours, or sit-to-stand transitions between conditions (P > 0.05). NEPA responses were variable among individuals, with approximately half of participants reducing and half increasing NEPA over the 84 h after each exercise condition. Conclusion NEPA was not reduced after an acute bout of AEx or REx in a sample of inactive adults with overweight or obesity.

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“…Similar results were found by Espinoza-García et al, who reported that in a group of young adults with normal weight, men presented higher concentration of ghrelin compared to women [ 30 ]. In contrast, Tobin et al did not find differences in ghrelin fasting concentrations between men and women with overweight [ 31 ]. Studies have reported that differences in fasting ghrelin concentrations by sex may be related to the differences in energy intake, BMI, and body composition between men and women [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Leu72Met of GHRL and Gln223Arg of LEPR Variants on Food Intake, Subjective Appetite, and Hunger-Satiety Hormones

et al. 2022

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Appetite regulation has been recognized as a promising target for the prevention of obesity, which has become a worldwide health issue. Polymorphisms in the genes of hormones or receptors including Leu72Met for ghrelin and Gln223Arg for the leptin receptor could play a role in dietary intake, hunger, and satiety process. The aim of this study was to analyze subjective appetite assessments, dietary intake, and appetite hormones in relationship to these polymorphisms. Subjects (n = 132) with normal BMIs were enrolled. Dietary intake was analyzed with 3-day diet records. Subjective appetite was measured by visual analogue scales. Biochemical parameters were measured after 12 h of fasting and 120′ following ingestion of a test meal. Ghrelin and leptin levels were measured by ELISA assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and insulin by chemiluminescence assay. The polymorphisms were determined by allelic discrimination using TaqMan® probes. Fasting ghrelin levels differed significantly between men and women. The consumption of fruit and bread/starch with added sugar servings, as indicated by dietary records, and measured ghrelin levels were higher in carriers of Leu72Met/Met72Met compared to Leu72Leu carriers; total sugar intake was higher in Gln223Gln carriers than in Gln223Arg/Arg223Arg carriers. In conclusion, the Leu72Met and Gln223Arg polymorphism in ghrelin and LEPR may contribute to differential responses to a standardized meal as evidenced by higher postprandial levels of ghrelin and may also contribute to a higher dietary sugar intake.

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The effects of acute exercise on appetite and energy intake in men and women

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Morning Exercise Reduces Abdominal Fat and Blood Pressure in Women; Evening Exercise Increases Muscular Performance in Women and Lowers Blood Pressure in Men

Morning Exercise Reduces Abdominal Fat and Blood Pressure in Women; Evening Exercise Increases Muscular Performance in Women and Lowers Blood Pressure in Men

The Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise on Nonexercise Physical Activity

Role of Leu72Met of GHRL and Gln223Arg of LEPR Variants on Food Intake, Subjective Appetite, and Hunger-Satiety Hormones

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