The Effects of Absorbing Materials on the Homogeneity of Composite Heating by Microwave Radiation

Nuhiji, Betime; Bower, Matthew P.; Proud, William A. E.; Burpo, Steven J.; Day, Richard; Scaife, Richard J.; Swait, T.J.

doi:10.3390/ma14237362

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Absorbing material, a sort of electromagnetic (EM) shielding material, is thin coating with light weight. It has a strong absorbing performance ( Wen et al, 2014 ; Huang et al, 2021 ; Nuhiji et al, 2021 ; Du, 2022 ). Through magnetic loss, dielectric loss, or resistive loss, the absorbing material can reduce the EM field as required ( Zhang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of a rodent-specific focal transcranial magnetic stimulation coil with the custom shielding application in rats

Liu

Ding

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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Repetitive TMS has been used as an alternative treatment for various neurological disorders. However, most TMS mechanism studies in rodents have been based on the whole brain stimulation, the lack of rodent-specific focal TMS coils restricts the proper translation of human TMS protocols to animal models. In this study, we designed a new shielding device, which was made of high magnetic permeability material, to enhance the spatial focus of animal-use TMS coils. With the finite element method, we analyzed the electromagnetic field of the coil with and without the shielding device. Furthermore, to assess the shielding effect in rodents, we compared the c-fos expression, the ALFF and ReHo values in different groups following a 15 min 5 Hz rTMS paradigm. We found that a smaller focality with an identical core stimulation intensity was achieved in the shielding device. The 1 T magnetic field was reduced from 19.1 mm to 13 mm in diameter, and 7.5 to 5.6 mm in depth. However, the core magnetic field over 1.5 T was almost the same. Meanwhile, the area of electric field was reduced from 4.68 cm2 to 4.19 cm2, and 3.8 mm to 2.6 mm in depth. Similar to this biomimetic data, the c-fos expression, the ALFF and ReHo values showed more limited cortex activation with the use of the shielding device. However, compared to the rTMS group without the shielding application, more subcortical regions, like the striatum (CPu), the hippocampus, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus were also activated in the shielding group. This indicated that more deep stimulation may be achieved by the shielding device. Generally, compared with the commercial rodents’ TMS coil (15 mm in diameter), TMS coils with the shielding device achieved a better focality (~6 mm in diameter) by reducing at least 30% of the magnetic and electric field. This shielding device may provide a useful tool for further TMS studies in rodents, especially for more specific brain area stimulation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of a rodent-specific focal transcranial magnetic stimulation coil with the custom shielding application in rats

Liu

Ding

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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Non-uniform Microwave Heating of Heterogeneous Systems: How to Turn Problems into Opportunities

Chaouki,

Leclerc,

Solouki

et al. 2023

Advances in Microwave-Assisted Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Turning problematic, non-uniform microwave heating into an opportunity is a promising approach to enhancing energy efficiency and reducing environmental impacts due to the chemical processing of heterogeneous systems. Selective microwave heating of materials provides an adequate temperature for the occurrence of an efficient chemical reaction at desired sites while the surrounding media remain unheated, diminishing heat loss and enhancing the energy efficiency. Moreover, the side reactions at non-desired sites, including reactor walls and the surrounding media, are avoided owing to the lower bulk temperature compared to that of the target material, which likely improves the quality of the product. Applying this approach in various microwave-assisted catalytic and non-catalytic processes, including pyrolysis, cracking, and hydrogen production, confirmed an extraordinary improvement in product quality and reduction in energy consumption. Highlighting these advantages will likely increase the demand for scaling up microwave-assisted processes.

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The Effects of Absorbing Materials on the Homogeneity of Composite Heating by Microwave Radiation

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Design and evaluation of a rodent-specific focal transcranial magnetic stimulation coil with the custom shielding application in rats

Design and evaluation of a rodent-specific focal transcranial magnetic stimulation coil with the custom shielding application in rats

Non-uniform Microwave Heating of Heterogeneous Systems: How to Turn Problems into Opportunities

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