The effects of a prebiotic supplement (Prebio Support) on fecal and salivary IgA in neonatal dairy calves

Abstract

The newborn calf's gastrointestinal tract is sterile at birth, but by 3 days of age coliforms, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria are the predominant flora in the feces. During the preweaning period, calves are susceptible to diarrhea that can lead to high levels of morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea has been related with a decrease of beneficial microbiota and an increase of coliform counts in feces. Prebiotic supplements are believed to decrease diarrhea and positively affect some parameters of the immune system. In calves, these supplements have shown some promising effects on intestinal microbial populations but there is limited information about effects on immunity. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of a prebiotic supplement containing fermentation products of lactic acid bacteria on the mucosal immune system by measuring fecal and salivary IgA and to evaluate calf health and growth performance. In this trial 40 Holstein calves were randomly assigned to receive milk replacer with a prebiotic supplement (20 g/day Prebio Support™; Meiji Feed Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan) or the same milk replacer with no prebiotic (control). Fecal and salivary IgA, calf health, plasma IgG, and lymphocyte counts were not affected by treatment. Lactobacilli count in feces was higher (P = 0.05) and Bifidobacteria tended to be higher (P = 0.07) in calves fed prebiotic. Prebiotic supplement increased beneficial bacteria in calves, but did not decrease overall incidence of diarrhea in this trial. Calves in this study were all affected by cryptosporidiosis and some were treated with antibiotics, so it is possible that this limited some of the effects of the prebiotic product. Fecal IgA seemed to be a good measure of mucosal immunity, and more studies are needed to develop methods to measure this type of immunity in calves.

Effects of mannan‐oligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and faecal characteristics in Murrah buffalo calves

“…Ghosh and Mehla () observed decreased faecal coliform count in MOS fed group. In the line of present study, lactobacilli count in faeces was higher ( p < .05) and Bifidobacteria tended to be higher ( p < .07) in calves fed prebiotic (Quezada‐Mendoza, Heinrichs, & Jones, ).…”

Effects of supplementation with cellooligosaccharides on growth performance of weaned calves on pasture

“…; Quezada‐Mendoza et al . ), and cellooligosaccharides (CE), which are derived from enzymatic digestion of plant cellulose, may be a good supplement for stocker calves. An in vitro study revealed that cellobiose (a disaccharide consisting of glucose with a beta‐1‐4 linkage) caused generation of organic acids by mixed ruminal bacteria (Lila et al .…”

The impact of direct‐fed microbials and enzymes on the health and performance of dairy cows with emphasis on colostrum quality and serum immunoglobulin concentrations in calves

“…Al‐Saiady () observed greater serum IgG concentration and greater 5‐week BW in calves supplemented with a probiotic. However, there were no impacts on serum IgG concentrations in calves provided with a prebiotic supplement (Queszada‐Mendoza et al., ). In both these studies, calves were over 24 hr old and AEA was not evaluated.…”

“…() found no impact of DFM on plasma IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations in dairy goats, but immunoglobulin in the mammary secretions was not evaluated. Queszada‐Mendoza, Heinrichs, and Jones () found no effect of probiotics on plasma, faecal or salivary IgG concentrations in calves. These differing outcomes suggest that there is potential for DFM to increase IgG content in dairy cattle colostrum, which could impact the health of the calf through more IgG available for absorption, as well as impact the health and production of the cow when fed post‐partum.…”