The effects of a pre-extinction procedure on the extinction of place and response performance in a T-maze.

Scharlock, Donald P.

doi:10.1037/h0056877

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…That latent extinction might depend in part on spatial memory processing is largely consistent with previous behavioral evidence. As mentioned previously, latent extinction is selectively effective in heterogeneous visual environments conducive to spatial memory formation, but not homogenous visual environments that prevent spatial memory formation (Seward and Levy, 1949 ; Bugelski et al, 1952 ; Scharlock, 1954 ; Denny and Ratner, 1959 ; Dyal, 1962 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Interestingly previous studies have indicated that latent extinction was only effective in heterogeneous visual surrounds conducive to allocentric spatial learning (e.g., Seward and Levy, 1949 ; Denny and Ratner, 1959 ; Dyal, 1962 ). Latent extinction was not effective in homogenous visual surrounds that prevented the use of allocentric spatial learning (e.g., Bugelski et al, 1952 ; Scharlock, 1954 ; Denny and Ratner, 1959 ). These previous findings are consistent with the suggestion that in maze learning tasks, latent extinction might be selectively effective at extinguishing allocentric spatial memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Memory System Engaged During Acquisition Determines the Effectiveness of Different Extinction Protocols

Goodman

Packard

2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous research indicates that extinction of rodent maze behavior may occur without explicit performance of the previously acquired response. In latent extinction, confining an animal to a previously rewarded goal location without reinforcement is typically sufficient to produce extinction of maze learning. However, previous studies have not determined whether latent extinction may be successfully employed to extinguish all types of memory acquired in the maze, or whether only specific types of memory may be vulnerable to latent extinction. The present study examined whether latent extinction may be effective across two plus-maze tasks that depend on anatomically distinct neural systems. Adult male Long-Evans rats were trained in a hippocampus-dependent place learning task (Experiment 1), in which animals were trained to approach a consistent spatial location for food reward. A separate group of rats were trained in a dorsolateral striatum-dependent response learning task (Experiment 2), in which animals were trained to make a consistent egocentric body-turn response for food reward. Following training, animals received response extinction or latent extinction. For response extinction, animals were given the opportunity to execute the original running approach response toward the empty food cup. For latent extinction, animals were confined to the original goal locations with the empty food cup, thus preventing them from making the original running approach response. Results indicate that, relative to no extinction, latent extinction was effective at extinguishing memory in the place learning task, but remained ineffective in the response learning task. In contrast, typical response extinction remained very effective at extinguishing memory in both place and response learning tasks. The present findings confirm that extinction of maze learning may occur with or without overt performance of the previously acquired response, but that the effectiveness of latent extinction may depend on the type of memory being extinguished. The findings suggest that behavioral treatments modeled after response extinction protocols may be especially useful in alleviating human psychopathologies involving striatum-dependent memory processes (e.g., drug addiction and relapse).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Memory System Engaged During Acquisition Determines the Effectiveness of Different Extinction Protocols

Goodman

Packard

2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unreinforced confinements to the goal box during latent extinction training could allow animals to acquire a new association in which the originally rewarded place is associated with the absence of reinforcement. Indeed, latent extinction is most effective when conducted in the presence of extra-maze cues that are conducive to spatial memory processing (Seward and Levy, 1949; Bugelski et al, 1952; Scharlock, 1954; Denny and Ratner, 1959; Dyal, 1962). In addition, being confined to a neutral goal box in a different room or a distinct spatial location in the same room does not result in a response decrement commensurate with latent extinction (Iwahara et al, 1953; Clifford, 1964).…”

Section: Two Protocols: Latent Vs Response Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, being confined to a neutral goal box in a different room or a distinct spatial location in the same room does not result in a response decrement commensurate with latent extinction (Iwahara et al, 1953; Clifford, 1964). In contrast to latent extinction, response extinction remains effective in the absence of allocentric spatial cues (e.g., Scharlock, 1954), suggesting that response extinction might depend on a distinct learning mechanism. One possibility is that animals given response extinction may acquire inhibitory S-R associations that suppress the original behavior, consistent with the Hullian S-R view.…”

Section: Two Protocols: Latent Vs Response Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There Is More Than One Kind of Extinction Learning

Goodman

Packard

2019

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The view that different kinds of memory are mediated by dissociable neural systems has received extensive experimental support. Dissociations between memory systems are usually observed during initial acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of memory, however increasing evidence also indicates a role for multiple memory systems in extinction behavior. The present article reviews a recent series of maze learning experiments that provide evidence for a multiple memory systems approach to extinction learning and memory. Evidence is described indicating that: (1) the hippocampus and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) mediate different kinds of extinction learning; (2) the effectiveness of different extinction protocols depends on the kind of memory being extinguished; and (3) whether a neural system is involved in extinction is also determined by the extinction protocol and kind of memory undergoing extinction. Based on these findings, a novel hypothetical model regarding the role of multiple memory systems in extinction is presented. In addition, the relevance of this multiple memory systems approach to other learning paradigms involving extinction (i.e., extinction of conditioned fear) and for treating human psychopathologies characterized by maladaptive memories (e.g., drug addiction and relapse) is briefly considered.

show abstract

“…Geometrically, one or two cues could define a single place in a circular arena, if the boundaries are visible or otherwise perceived and subjects can evaluate their distance from the cue (Collett, 1987;Collett, Cartwright, & Smith, 1986). Many papers, however, report no place discrimination in the presence of a single local cue (Pieo, Gerbrandt, Pondel, & Ivy, 1985;Scharlock, 1954Scharlock, , 1955. The white cue card often used in place unit electrophysiological studies (Taube et aI., 1990) provides more information than a unique punctate visual cue, because it has at least two discrete black and white contrasts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial learning by rats across visually disconnected environments

Rossier

Grobéty

Schenk

2000

Animal Learning & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experiments were designed in which some properties of spatial representations in rats could be examined, Adult subjects were trained to escape through a hole at a fixed position in a large circular arena (see Schenk, 1989). The experiments were conducted in the dark, with a limited number of controlled visual light cues, in order to assess the minimal cue requirement for place learning. Three light cues identical in shape, height, and distance from the table were used. Depending on the condition, they were either permanently on or alternatively on or off, contingent on the position of the rat in the field. Two questions were asked: (1) How many identical visual cues were necessary for spatial discrimination in the dark, and (2) could rats integrate the relative positions of separate cues, under conditions in which the rat was never allowed to perceive all three cues simultaneously. The results suggest that rats are able to achieve a place discrimination task even if the three cues necessary for efficient orientation can never be seen simultaneously. A dissociation between the discrimination of the spatial position of the goal and the capacity to reach it by a direct path suggests that, with a reduced number of cues, prolonged locomotion might be required for accurate orientation in the environment. 16

show abstract

The effects of a pre-extinction procedure on the extinction of place and response performance in a T-maze.

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

The Memory System Engaged During Acquisition Determines the Effectiveness of Different Extinction Protocols

The Memory System Engaged During Acquisition Determines the Effectiveness of Different Extinction Protocols

There Is More Than One Kind of Extinction Learning

Spatial learning by rats across visually disconnected environments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About