The effects of a multi-ingredient dietary supplement on body composition, adipokines, blood lipids, and metabolic health in overweight and obese men and women: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study investigated the effects of a multi-ingredient dietary supplement (MIDS) containing caffeine, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), green tea, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) taken for 8 weeks on body composition, blood lipid profile, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in overweight and obese men and women.MethodsTwenty-two participants completed the study (PL, n = 11; 7 women, 4 men; age, 34 ± 3.5 years; height, 169.2 ± 3.3 cm; body mass, 96.9 ± 6.8 kg; BMI, 34.1 ± 1.8 kg/m2; MIDS, n = 11; 9 women, 2 men; age, 36 ± 3.4 years; height, 173.2 ± 2.9 cm; body mass, 91.9 ± 5.6 kg; BMI, 30.0 ± 1.5 kg/m2). Participants were randomly assigned and stratified by body fat percentage to two groups: 1) a soybean oil placebo (PL) or 2) MIDS. Each group consumed two pills with breakfast and two pills with lunch. Body composition and android fat, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of supplementation.ResultsThere were no significant changes for any of the variables of body composition. Feelings of hunger were significantly higher in MIDS versus PL with no changes observed in satiety or desire to eat. Heart rate and blood pressure were unaltered in MIDS after 8 weeks of supplementation. Furthermore, lipid profile, food intake, mood state variables, fasting blood glucose, and endocrine markers did not significantly change regardless of group.ConclusionMIDS intake does not appear to alter body composition or markers of cardiovascular health versus PL. Moreover, MIDS may actually increase feelings of hunger versus PL.

The effect of green tea on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

“…Titles and abstracts of 813 articles were read, and 774 articles were excluded. By considering criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 22 articles were excluded due to following reasons: not having a control group ( N = 3; Alghadir, Gabr, & Al‐Eisa, ; Lee et al, ; Sung et al, ), intervention less than 1 day ( N = 3; Alexopoulos et al, ; Hsu et al, ; Koutelidakis et al, ), and using other nutrients beside green tea in the intervention group ( N = 16; Bakker et al, ; Braga et al, ; Cialdella‐Kam et al, ; de Jesus Romero‐Prado et al, ; Dominiak, McKinney, Heilbrun, & Sarkar, ; Kim et al, ; Madaric et al, ; Nieman et al, ; Nieman et al, ; Ormsbee et al, ; Peluso et al, ; Rondanelli et al, ; Rubio‐Perez, Albaladejo, Zafrilla, Vidal‐Guevara, & Morillas‐Ruiz, ; Scolaro et al, ; Soriano‐Maldonado, Hidalgo, Arteaga, de Pascual‐Teresa, & Nova, ; Thomas, Williams, Sharma, Chaudry, & Bellamy, ; Figure ). Therefore, 17 articles were included in our systematic review (Basu et al, ; Bogdanski et al, ; de Maat et al, ; Dower et al, ; Fukino et al, ; Fukino, Shimbo, Aoki, Okubo, & Iso, ; Gutierrez‐Salmean et al, ; Hu et al, ; Hussain, Habib Ur, & Akhtar, ; Mielgo‐Ayuso et al, ; Mombaini & Jafarirad, ; Nogueira, Nogueira Neto, Klein, & Sanjuliani, ; Oyama et al, ; Oyama, Maeda, Sasaki, et al, ; Ryu et al, ; Shin et al, ; Sone et al, ); because the article by Ryu et al () did not report baseline values, we did not include it in our meta‐analysis (Table ).…”

“…not having a control group (N = 3;Alghadir, Gabr, & Al-Eisa, 2016;Lee et al, 2005;Sung et al, 2005), intervention less than 1 day (N = 3;Alexopoulos et al, 2008;Hsu et al, 2007;Koutelidakis et al, 2014), and using other nutrients beside green tea in the intervention group (N = 16;Bakker et al, 2010;Braga et al, 2012;Cialdella-Kam et al, 2016;de Jesus Romero-Prado et al, 2015;Dominiak, McKinney, Heilbrun, & Sarkar, 2010;Kim et al, 2016;Madaric et al, 2013;Nieman et al, 2013;Nieman et al, 2017;Ormsbee et al, 2014;Peluso et al, 2014;Rondanelli et al, 2013;Rubio-Perez, Albaladejo, Zafrilla, Vidal-Guevara, & Morillas-Ruiz, 2016; Scolaro et al, 2018; Soriano-Maldonado, Hidalgo, Arteaga, de Pascual-Teresa, & Nova, 2014; Thomas, Williams, Sharma, Chaudry, & Bellamy, 2014; Figure 1).Therefore, 17 articles were included in our systematic review(Basu et al, 2011;Bogdanski et al, 2012;de Maat et al, 2000;Dower et al, 2015;Fukino et al, 2008;Fukino, Shimbo, Aoki, Okubo, & Iso, 2005;Gutierrez-Salmean et al, 2016;Hu et al, 2016;Hussain, Habib Ur, & Akhtar, 2017;Mielgo-Ayuso et al, 2014;Mombaini & Jafarirad, 2017;Nogueira, Nogueira Neto, Klein, & Sanjuliani, 2017;Oyama, Maeda, Sasaki, et al, 2010;Ryu et al, 2006;Shin et al, 2018;Sone et al, 2011)…”

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trials

“…A total of 79 potential relevant articles and 14 trials were retrieved for further assessment. Six of these studies, however, were excluded from the analysis because four of them [ 11 , 13 , 27 , 28 ] incorporated CLA as part of the active components in treatment group, one adopted an RCT with no double-blind design [ 19 ], and the other one used a cross-over RCT design with short intervention duration (3 weeks) [ 20 ]. Meanwhile, one study separately determined BP in overweight and obese subjects and was considered as two trials [ 16 ].…”

Protein-Pacing from Food or Supplementation Improves Physical Performance in Overweight Men and Women: The PRISE 2 Study

“…While these factors may be affected by increased levels of adiposity, previous studies have demonstrated that protein supplementation and exercise training may favorably combat obesity-related cardiovascular and metabolic risks [ 13 , 19 , 40 ]. In the current study, there were similar reductions in systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, insulin, and blood glucose concentrations, as well as an increase in adiponectin concentrations in both groups ( Table 3 ).…”