The effects of a low-calorie diet or an isocaloric diet combined with metformin on sex hormones In obese women of child-bearing age

Abstract

Background. The infl uence of weight loss treatment on sex hormones profi le has been studied mainly in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but in obese premenopausal women without PCOS it still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the eff ect of two approaches to obesity treatment on the serum level of sex hormones in obese women of child-bearing age without PCOS. Material and methods. 77 obese Caucasian women (aged 31.2 ±8.3 years) were randomized into two groups: 39 women received a low-calorie diet (LC) and 38 received an isocaloric diet plus metformin (IM), for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, body composition and serum concentrations of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-S) sulfate were evaluated at baseline and after the study. Results. Reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and body fat content with an increase in lean body percent were signifi cant and comparable between the LC and IM group after the trial. The concentrations of serum FSH, LH, E2, DHEA and T did not change in either group after treatment. A tendency towards an increase in the E2 concentration in both groups and a decrease in the T level in the LC group was observed. The correlations between a change in BMI, fat content, waist-hip ratio and a change in T were documented in the LC group. Conclusion. A 12-week low-calorie diet and an isocaloric diet combined with metformin produced comparable and signifi cant weight loss with improvements in body composition. Both interventions did not signifi cantly aff ect FSH, LH and DHEA sulfate serum concentrations, only a trend towards an E2 increase and a T decrease was observed, stronger in LC group. The signifi cant correlations shown between the changes in anthropometric and body composition parameters and T serum levels in women treated with a low-calorie diet alone show the benefi cial eff ect of a lifestyle intervention on the sex hormone in obese premenopausal women.

Effects of a Dulaglutide plus Calorie-Restricted Diet versus a Calorie-Restricted Diet on Visceral Fat and Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…There were no significant differences in visceral fat reduction between the groups after equivalent weight loss. The significant reduction in VAT in the CRD group was consistent with previous studies’ results that have shown that weight reduction induced by CRD was associated with a significant improvement in WC and reduced fat mass [ 30 , 31 ]. However, after the same degree of weight loss, dulaglutide may have no additional benefits on VAT as compared with the effect resulting from diet intervention, suggesting that the extent of weight reduction, other than the type of intervention, explained most of the favorable effects of reducing visceral fat in overweight or obese individuals with PCOS.…”

“…Other research involving different populations have found similar results. Swora-Cwynar et al reported that reductions in body weight, WC, and body fat content were comparable between 12-week low-calorie diet and isocaloric diet plus metformin groups in premenopausal obese women [ 30 ]. Schübel et al reported no significant differences in body weight and VAT volume between intermittent calorie restriction and continuous calorie restriction in overweight or obese women [ 32 ].…”

Effects of Weight Loss on Key Obesity-Related Biomarkers Linked to the Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Among the 38 unique studies, investigators examined the effects of lifestyle interventions in 16 studies [ 12 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], bariatric surgery in 16 studies [ 35 , 36 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], and pharmacotherapy in 8 studies [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ] ( Table 1 ). Two studies [ 35 , 36 ] that evaluated both lifestyle and bariatric surgery were counted within each of those respective intervention groupings.…”

“…Among the 29 eligible studies reporting weight changes (11 lifestyle [ 12 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 49 ], 10 bariatric surgery [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 63 ], 8 pharmacotherapy [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]), the overall average weight loss was 13.8% (adj. avg.…”

The Effect of a Very-Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD) vs. a Moderate Energy Deficit Diet in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)—A Randomised Controlled Trial

“…Weight loss with lifestyle and dietary changes is the mainstay of management of women with PCOS, and it is associated with significant improvements in hyperandrogenaemia, menstrual irregularities, ovulation, and emotional wellbeing in this population [ 3 ]. Several dietary interventions have been proposed for the management of PCOS, including VLCDs [ 18 , 19 , 27 ], energy deficit diets [ 28 , 29 ], and low-GI [ 30 ] and ketogenic diets [ 31 , 32 ]. There is, however, no consensus on dietary interventions for optimal weight loss strategies [ 33 ].…”