The Effects of a High Fat Diet Containing Diacylglycerol on Bone in C57BL/6J Mice

Abstract

PurposeIn epidemiologic and animal studies, a high fat diet (HFD) has been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures. Meanwhile, consuming a HFD containing diacylglycerol (DAG) instead of triacylglycerol (TAG) is known to offer metabolically beneficial effects of reductions in body weight and abdominal fat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a HFD containing DAG (HFD-DAG) on bone in mice.Materials and MethodsFour-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n=39) were divided into three weight-matched groups based on diet type: a chow diet group, a HFD containing TAG (HFD-TAG) group, and a HFD-DAG group. After 20 weeks, body composition and bone microstructure were analyzed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR of bone marrow cells were performed to investigate the expressions of transcription factors for osteogenesis or adipogenesis.ResultsThe HFD-DAG group exhibited lower body weight, higher BMD, and superior microstructural bone parameters, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group showed increased expression of Runx2 and decreased expression of PPARγ in bone marrow cells, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group also had lower levels of plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride than the HFD-TAG group.ConclusionCompared to HFD-TAG, HFD-DAG showed beneficial effects on bone and bone metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.

Association between the metabolome and bone mineral density in a Chinese population

“…DG (31:2), a member of the family of diacylglycerols, and its beneficial effect on bone mass might be from the increased differentiation of bone marrow cells into an osteogenic instead of adipogenic lineage. [48] Several limitations in our study warrant mention. First, we did not collect the dietary habits, nutritional supplements, and other lifestyle information of the participants, which would influence the circulating metabolites as well as the BMD level.…”

“…DG (31:2), a member of the family of diacylglycerols, and its beneficial effect on bone mass might be from the increased differentiation of bone marrow cells into an osteogenic instead of adipogenic lineage. [48] …”

Effects of High-Fat Diet and Body Mass on Bone Morphology and Mechanical Properties in 1100 Advanced Intercross Mice

“…In our study, we examined dietary effects during growth—from weaning to adulthood (18 to 26 weeks on diet). Within this time frame, both positive and negative effects of high‐fat diet on cortical bone have been reported in male C57BL/6J mice. The main difference between these two prior studies was the use of 45% high‐fat diet with diacylglycerol enrichment in the former versus 60% lard/soybean oil in the latter .…”

“…Within this time frame, both positive and negative effects of high‐fat diet on cortical bone have been reported in male C57BL/6J mice. The main difference between these two prior studies was the use of 45% high‐fat diet with diacylglycerol enrichment in the former versus 60% lard/soybean oil in the latter . The dietary composition we used (42% milk fat) was comparable to the first study and, like that report, we demonstrated positive absolute effects of high‐fat diet on cortical bone.…”

Simvastatin Improves the Jaw Bone Microstructural Defect Induced by High Cholesterol Diet in Rats by Regulating Autophagic Flux

“…Low BMD will affect the osseointegration, stability, and function of an implant [ 6 ]. However, some studies have revealed that high fat diet containing diacylglycerol mitigates high fat diet-induced bone metabolic dysfunction in mice and promotes peak bone mass in young rats [ 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, the precise effect of high fat diet, particularly for high cholesterol diet (HCD), on the bone metabolism in the jaw remains controversial.…”