The effects of a depressant and a stimulant drug on the contingent negative variation

Janssen, R.H.C.; Mattie, H.; Gorsel, P. C. Plooij-Van; Werre, P.F.

doi:10.1016/0301-0511(78)90023-6

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Cortical excitability, as indicated by the iCNV amplitude, has been shown to be affected by external and internal stimulation such as variations in brightness (Higuchi, Watanuki, Yasukouchi, & Sato, 1997;Deguchi & Sato, 1992), olfactory stimulation (Hiruma, Yabe, Sato, Sutoh, & Kaneko, 2002), psychotropic drugs ( Janssen, Mattie, Plooij-Van Gorsel, & Werre, 1978;Kopell, Wittner, Lunde, Wolcott, & Trinklenberg, 1974), physical effort (Kamijo et al, 2004), self-regulation using biofeedback (Ikemi, 1988;Lutzenberger et al, 1982), and sleep deprivation (Naitoh, Johnson, & Lubin, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal and Attention: Self-chosen Stimulation Optimizes Cortical Excitability and Minimizes Compensatory Effort

Fischer¹,

Langner

Birbaumer

et al. 2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Cortical excitability is assumed to depend on cortical arousal level in an inverted U-shaped fashion: Largest (optimal) excitability is usually associated with medium levels of arousal. It has been proposed that under conditions of low arousal, compensatory effort is exerted if attentional demands persist. People tend to avoid this resource-consuming top-down compensation by creating or selecting environmental conditions that provide sufficient bottom-up stimulation. These assumptions were tested in an attention-demanding dual-task situation: We combined a simulated driving task to induce three different arousal levels by varying stimulation (high vs. low vs. self-chosen) with a visual two-stimulus paradigm to assess cortical excitability by the initial contingent negative variation (iCNV) component of the event-related potential. Additionally, we analyzed the oscillatory power of the beta2 band of the electroencephalogram at anterior frontal sites, which is assumed to reflect low-arousal compensatory activity. The iCNV amplitude differed in all three arousal conditions as expected: It was highest in the condition of self-chosen stimulation and lowest in the low- and high-arousal conditions. Additionally, in the low-arousal condition, anterior frontal beta2 power was found to be significantly higher than in the other two conditions and correlated positively with subjective strain. This pattern of results suggests that subjects select medium levels of stimulation which optimize cortical excitability under attentional demand conditions. The elevated fronto-central beta2 power in the low-stimulation condition may indicate the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in compensating for reduced arousal by top-down stimulation of the noradrenergic arousal system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal and Attention: Self-chosen Stimulation Optimizes Cortical Excitability and Minimizes Compensatory Effort

Fischer¹,

Langner

Birbaumer

et al. 2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…It has previously been shown that placebo caffeine can modulate fatigue and the MRCP amplitude [ 46 ]. Caffeine has previously been reported to affect the amplitude of the MRCP, but mixed results have been reported and generally with small changes in amplitude [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. In the current study, a lower dose of caffeine was consumed (85 mg vs. 150–300 mg) compared to the previous studies, which suggests that the effect of a cup of coffee with 85 mg caffeine would have a less modulatory effect compared to higher doses of caffeine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, it was found that caffeine increased the amplitude of the bereitschaftspotential of tasks associated with lower levels of exhaustion such that they were similar to amplitudes associated with tasks of submaximal activation without caffeine [ 43 ]. A reduction of the amplitude of the contingent negative variation [ 44 ] and MRCP has been reported as well after consuming caffeine, which was attributed to increased spinal and supraspinal excitability [ 45 ]. Since the MRCP amplitude may be affected by caffeine, it can also affect the performance of an MRCP-based BCI since the signal-to-noise ratio is a determinant of BCI performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Caffeine on Movement-Related Cortical Potential Morphology and Detection

Jochumsen,

Lavesen,

Griem

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) is observed in EEG recordings prior to a voluntary movement. It has been used for e.g., quantifying motor learning and for brain-computer interfacing (BCIs). The MRCP amplitude is affected by various factors, but the effect of caffeine is underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate if a cup of coffee with 85 mg caffeine modulated the MRCP amplitude and the classification of MRCPs versus idle activity, which estimates BCI performance. Twenty-six healthy participants performed 2 × 100 ankle dorsiflexion separated by a 10-min break before a cup of coffee was consumed, followed by another 100 movements. EEG was recorded during the movements and divided into epochs, which were averaged to extract three average MRCPs that were compared. Also, idle activity epochs were extracted. Features were extracted from the epochs and classified using random forest analysis. The MRCP amplitude did not change after consuming caffeine. There was a slight increase of two percentage points in the classification accuracy after consuming caffeine. In conclusion, a cup of coffee with 85 mg caffeine does not affect the MRCP amplitude, and improves MRCP-based BCI performance slightly. The findings suggest that drinking coffee is only a minor confounder in MRCP-related studies.

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Extraversion-Introversion, Contingent Negative Variation, and Arousal

Werre¹

1987

Personality Dimensions and Arousal

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The effects of a depressant and a stimulant drug on the contingent negative variation

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Arousal and Attention: Self-chosen Stimulation Optimizes Cortical Excitability and Minimizes Compensatory Effort

Arousal and Attention: Self-chosen Stimulation Optimizes Cortical Excitability and Minimizes Compensatory Effort

The Effect of Caffeine on Movement-Related Cortical Potential Morphology and Detection

Extraversion-Introversion, Contingent Negative Variation, and Arousal

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