The effectiveness of tobacco control policies on vulnerable populations in the USA: a review

Vijayaraghavan, Maya; Schroeder, Steven A.; Kushel, Margot

doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-133193

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The risk for alternative tobacco product use conferred by conventional cigarette smoking highlights the need for additional counseling (e.g., by obstetricians at prenatal visits) surrounding tobacco use whenever pregnant women endorse smoking conventional cigarettes. Additionally, broad regulatory actions for the general population that decrease the prevalence of dual/poly tobacco product use, restrict marketing of all tobacco and nicotine delivery products to vulnerable groups, and increase health communication about the effects of tobacco and nicotine delivery products may have an important and specific impact on maternal and fetal health (Vijayaraghavan, Schroeder, & Kushel, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco and nicotine delivery product use in a national sample of pregnant women

Kurti

Redner

Lopez

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

125

109

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Monitoring use of tobacco products among pregnant women is a public health priority, yet few studies in U.S. national samples have been reported on this topic. We examined prevalence and correlates of using cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and other tobacco/nicotine delivery products in a U.S. national sample of pregnant women. Data were obtained from all pregnant women (≥ 18 years) in the first wave of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH, 2013–2014) Study (N = 388). Prevalence of current and prior use of tobacco/nicotine products was examined overall and among current cigarette smokers. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine correlates of use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, hookah and cigars. Overall prevalence was highest for cigarettes (13.8%), followed by e-cigarettes (4.9%), hookah (2.5%) and cigars (2.3%), and below 1% for all other products. Prevalence of using other tobacco products is much higher among current smokers than the general population, with e-cigarettes (28.5%) most prevalent followed by cigars (14.0%), hookah (12.4%), smokeless (4.7%), snus (4.6%), and pipes (2.1%). Sociodemographic characteristics (poverty, low educational attainment, White race) and past-year externalizing psychiatric symptoms were correlated with current cigarette smoking. In turn, current cigarette smoking and past year illicit drug use were correlated with using e-cigarettes, hookah, and cigars. These results underscore that tobacco/nicotine use during pregnancy extends beyond cigarettes. The results also suggest that use of these other products should be included in routine clinical screening on tobacco use, and the need for more intensive tobacco control and regulatory strategies targeting pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco and nicotine delivery product use in a national sample of pregnant women

Kurti

Redner

Lopez

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

125

109

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“…This analysis only included one year of TUS-CPS data (2002), and the results are outdated. Numerous studies have examined the impact of SFALs and other tobacco control policies on smoking behavior in institutions commonly frequented by low-income individuals, such as homeless shelters and public housing [25]. However, it is not possible to generalize these results to the population level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Relationship between Tobacco Control Policies and U.S. Adult Current Smoking by Poverty

Dutra

Farrelly

Nonnemaker

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The study’s purpose was to identify differences in the relationship between tobacco control policies and smoking by poverty. We matched state smoke-free air law coverage (SFALs), tobacco control funding (TCF), and cigarette taxes with individual current smoking and demographics from supplements to the Current Population Survey (1985–2015). We regressed (logistic) smoking on policy variables, poverty (<138% of poverty line versus ≥138% of poverty line), interactions of policy and poverty, and covariates, presenting beta coefficients instead of odds ratios because it is difficult to interpret interactions using odds ratios (they are ratios of odds ratios). We coded SFALs as (1) proportion of state covered by 100% workplace, restaurant and bar laws (SFAL-All) or (2) proportion of state covered by workplace laws (SFAL-WP) and proportion covered by restaurant or bar laws (SFAL-RB). In the SFAL-All model, SFAL-All (Beta coeff: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.06, −0.002), tax (Coeff: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.07, −0.05), and TCF (Coeff: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.01, −0.001) were associated with less smoking. In this model, the interaction of SFAL-All by poverty was significant (Coeff: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.13). In the SFAL-WP/RB model, SFAL-RB (Coeff: −0.05, 95% CI: −0.08, −0.02), tax (Coeff: −0.05, 95% CI: −0.06, −0.04), and TCF (Coeff: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.01, −0.00) were significant. In the same model, SFAL-WP (Coeff: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), SFAL-RB (Coeff: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.19, −0.09), and TCF (Coeff: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) interacted with poverty. Tax by poverty was of borderline significance in this model (Coeff = 0.02, 95% CI: −0.00, 0.04, p = 0.050). Among adults, SFALs, TCF, and tax were associated with less current smoking, and SFALs and TCF had differential relationships with smoking by poverty.

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“…Despite enhancements made to the coverage of tobacco dependence treatment in Medicaid, the reach remains limited [31]. In 2013, less than 10 percent of current smokers enrolled in Medicaid received cessation medications, and tobacco control experts have continued to identify gaps in smoking cessation services among vulnerable adult populations, including adults living in poverty and experiencing homelessness [31, 32]. PSH offers an integrated and holistic model of care for individuals who have experienced homelessness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Policy Change Within Permanent Supportive Housing

Petersen

Stewart

Walters³

et al. 2017

J Community Health

Self Cite

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Smoke-free policies effectively reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smokers, and reduce consumption, encourage quit attempts, and minimize relapse to smoking among smokers. Such policies are uncommon in permanent supportive housing (PSH) for formerly homeless individuals. In this study, we collaborated with a PSH provider in San Diego, California to assess a smoke-free policy that restricted indoor smoking. Between August and November 2015, residents completed a pre-policy questionnaire on attitudes toward smoke-free policies and exposure to secondhand smoke, and then 7-9 months after policy implementation residents were re-surveyed. At follow-up, there was a 59.7% reduction in indoor smoking. The proportion of residents who identified as current smokers reduced by 13% (95% CI: -38, 10.2). The proportion of residents who reported never smelling SHS indoors (apartment 24.2%, 95% CI: 4.2, 44.1; shared areas 17.2%, 95% CI: 1.7, 32.7); in outdoor areas next to the living unit (porches or patio 56.7%, 95% CI: 40.7, 72.8); and in other outdoor areas (parking lot 28.6%, 95% CI: 8.3, 48.9) was lower post-policy compared with pre-policy. Overall, resident support increased by 18.7%; however, the greatest increase in support occurred among current smokers (from 14.8 to 37.5%). Fewer current smokers reported that the policy would enable cessation at post-policy compared to pre-policy. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of implementing smoke-free policies in PSH for formerly homeless adults. However, policy alone appears insufficient to trigger change in smoking behavior, highlighting the need for additional cessation resources to facilitate quitting.

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The effectiveness of tobacco control policies on vulnerable populations in the USA: a review

Cited by 13 publications

References 95 publications

Tobacco and nicotine delivery product use in a national sample of pregnant women

Tobacco and nicotine delivery product use in a national sample of pregnant women

Differential Relationship between Tobacco Control Policies and U.S. Adult Current Smoking by Poverty

Smoking Policy Change Within Permanent Supportive Housing

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