The Effectiveness of Resisted Sled Training (RST) for Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Alcaráz, Pedro E.; Carlos‐Vivas, Jorge; Oponjuru, Bruno O.; Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro

doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0947-8

Cited by 99 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In addition to its popularity, resisted sled training has been shown to be a practical and useful way to improve sprint performance in elite athletes [6][7][8]. One of the advantages of this method is that this may partially reflect the mechanical conditions experienced during unloaded sprints [9], thus providing adequate stimulus to increase "special strength" of the muscles that contribute to sprinting [6,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the advantages of this method is that this may partially reflect the mechanical conditions experienced during unloaded sprints [9], thus providing adequate stimulus to increase "special strength" of the muscles that contribute to sprinting [6,10]. Several studies and two recent reviews have confirmed the effectiveness of resisted sled training; however, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the optimal load to use for maximizing transfer to actual (i. e. unloaded) sprint performance [7,[11][12][13]. For example, there is an indication that the use of very-heavy loads (e. g. 80 % of body-mass [BM]) may be necessary to force the athlete to run slowly, which in turn leads to an increased opportunity to produce substantial amounts of horizontal force (which has been considered as a determinant factor of sprint performance) [12,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resisted Sprint Velocity in Female Soccer Players: Influence of Physical Capacities

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to examine the effects of different sled overloads on maximum sprint velocity achieved by female soccer players with different strength, speed, and power levels. Twenty elite female soccer players from the same club participated. On the same day, athletes performed: linear and resisted-sprint tests with 30 and 60 % of body-mass over 5-, 10-, and 20-m; half-squat maximum bar-power output, and half-squat one-repetition maximum assessment. A median split analysis was used to divide players into two groups according to their velocity, half-squat one-repetition maximum, and half-squat power. Differences in percentage decreases between unresisted- and resisted-sprints comparing higher and lower groups were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Overall, the stronger, faster, and more powerful players were less affected by both loads, as demonstrated by their lower decreases in velocity over the different distances. However, half-squat power appeared to be more sensitive for indicating impairments in resisted-sprint performance, due to meaningful differences in percentage decreases observed between higher and lower power groups. Notably, overloads of 30 and 60% of body-mass provoked substantial reductions in resisted-sprint velocity (~22.9% for 30% and ~51.4% for 60% of body-mass, relative to unresisted-sprint velocity). Athletes with superior power levels are less affected by the progressive sled overloading.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resisted Sprint Velocity in Female Soccer Players: Influence of Physical Capacities

et al. 2020

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“…Sprint training is primarily focused either on increasing strength and power, or on improving the efficiency of certain movements . A widely used training method for increasing sprint performance is resisted sprints, as described by Alcaraz et al and Petrakos et al In resisted sprints, an external load is most often used, such as weighted sled pulling or pushing . The challenge with weighted sled sprinting is friction, inertia of the sled and passive resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of step kinematics of active resisted 30 m sprints between experienced male and female sprinters

Tillaar

2020

Transl Sports Med

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This study compared the kinematics of unresisted and active resisted 30 m sprints with different loads in male and female sprinters.Step kinematics were measured in 14 male and 14 female participants during an unresisted 30 m sprint, and sprints with 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of body mass active resistance. Increased resisted loads resulted in slower 30 m times, which was the result of a lower step velocity, mainly caused by shorter step lengths and frequencies, flight times, and longer contact times.In addition, the resisted loads had a larger effect on women than men, as shown by a larger increase in sprint times. These time differences were the result of an earlier and slower maximal step velocity, which was mainly caused by longer contact times, shorter step lengths, and frequencies in women compared with men. Based upon these findings, it was concluded that when introducing active resisted sprints, women should sprint a shorter distance and/or have a lower resistance load than men, to prevent too much fatigue, and thereby avoid training for more endurance rather than acceleration ability. Furthermore, women should focus on increasing relative leg muscle mass to increase leg stiffness and their horizontal force production capacity. K E Y W O R D S contact time, flight time, step frequency, step length How to cite this article: van den Tillaar R. Comparison of step kinematics of active resisted 30 m sprints between experienced male and female sprinters. Transl Sports Med. 2020;3:271-277. https ://doi.

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“…One such method of sprint‐specific training is to push or pull a resistive load in a horizontal plane of motion known as resisted sled training. Resisted sled training has been shown to be more effective in the acceleration phase compared to the max velocity phase of sprinting . Despite widespread use by practitioners, both sled pulling and sled pushing have not received much research attention, with the latter much less researched …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resisted sled training has been shown to be more effective in the acceleration phase compared to the max velocity phase of sprinting. 9 Despite widespread use by practitioners, both sled pulling and sled pushing have not | 443 CAHILL et AL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of resisted sled‐push training on the sprint force‐velocity profile of male high school athletes

Cahill

Oliver

Cronin

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Sled pushing is a commonly used form of resisted sprint training; however, little empirical evidence exists, especially in youth populations. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of unresisted and resisted sled pushing across multiple loads. Fifty high school athletes were assigned to an unresisted (n = 12), or 3 resisted groups; light (n = 14), moderate (n = 13), and heavy (n = 11) resistance that caused a 25%, 50%, and 75% velocity decrement in maximum sprint speed, respectively. All participants performed two sled‐push training sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks. Before and after the training intervention, the participants performed a series of jump, strength, and sprint testing to assess athletic performance. Split times between 5 and 20 m improved significantly across all resisted groups (all P < .05, d = 0.34‐1.16) but did not improve significantly with unresisted sprinting. For all resisted groups, gains were greatest over the first 5 m (d = 0.67‐0.84) and then diminished over each subsequent 5 m split (d = 0.08‐0.57). The magnitude of gains in split times was greatest within the heavy group. Small but non‐significant within‐group effects were found in pre to post force‐velocity profiles. There was a main effect of time but no interaction effects as all groups increased force and power, although the greatest increases were observed with the heavy load (d = 0.50‐0.51). The results of this study suggest that resisted sled pushing with any load was superior to unresisted sprint training and that heavy loads may elicit the greatest gains in sprint performance over short distances.

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The Effectiveness of Resisted Sled Training (RST) for Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 99 publications

References 74 publications

Resisted Sprint Velocity in Female Soccer Players: Influence of Physical Capacities

Resisted Sprint Velocity in Female Soccer Players: Influence of Physical Capacities

Comparison of step kinematics of active resisted 30 m sprints between experienced male and female sprinters

Influence of resisted sled‐push training on the sprint force‐velocity profile of male high school athletes

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