The Effectiveness of Probiotics in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)—A Critical Review

Abstract

<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which affects millions of people worldwide, includes two separate diseases: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the background (chronic inflammatory state) and some of the symptoms of CD and UC are similar, both diseases differ from each other. It is becoming clear that a combination of many factors, in particular genetic background, host immune response and microbial reduced diversity status are associated with IBD. One potential strategy to prevent/treat IBD is gut modulation by probiotics. Over the last twenty years, many publications have focused on the role of probiotics in the course of IBD. The review discusses the utility of different strains of probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium spp., in all factors potentially involved in the etiology of IBD. The probiotic modulatory properties among different study models (cell lines, animal models of colitis, clinical study) are discussed and probiotic usefulness is assessed in relation to the treatment, prevention, and remission of diseases.</jats:p>

Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 Against Clostridium perfringens Infection in Broilers

“…Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts exert their benefits on the host ( 7 ). The use of probiotics is a promising measure for the prevention of intestinal diseases, such as colitis ( 8 ), inflammatory bowel disease ( 9 ), and diarrhea ( 10 ). Besides, probiotics can protect the host against pathogen invasion by manipulating the complex gut ecosystems through competitive exclusion, production of antimicrobial compounds, stimulation of the host immune system development, etc ( 11 ).…”

Probiotic Lactobacilli Isolated from Kefir Promote Down-Regulation of Inflammatory Lamina Propria T Cells from Patients with Active IBD

“…Probiotics have been studied as having beneficial properties in murine and rat models of colitis. Different strains of Bifidobacterium, E. coli and Lactobacillus have shown anti-inflammatory effects (Jakubczyk et al, 2020). Even though data from probiotics treatment in patients are controversial, evidence of their usefulness in combination with pharmacological treatments is arising (Shanahan and Quigley, 2014;Qiao et al, 2016;Fan et al, 2019;Ahn et al, 2020).…”

Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

“…Bulgaricus), three Bifidobacterium (B. longum, B. breve and B. infantis) and one Streptococcus (S. salivarius subsp. Thermophilus) [4,13,29,45]. In studies carried out, so far on mouse models, it has been shown that the use of this probiotic mixture leads to the inhibition of NF-κB and TNF-α expression through the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.…”