The effectiveness of miswak (Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) practices in reducing plaque and gingivitis among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramli, Haslinda; Aripin, Khairun Nain Nor; Said, Shahida Mohd; Hanafiah, Rohazila Mohamad; Dom, Tuti Ningseh Mohd

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115598

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…14 Furthermore, a meta-analysis of grouped randomized clinical trials revealed a significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis scores when siwak was used adjunctively. 27 Although it significantly reduced gingivitis scores and PPDs, a study reported noticeable gingival recession in siwak users. 11 Gingival recession discovered in some users was generally reported to be due to excessive siwak use and improper technique.…”

Section: Discussion Periodontal Health Between Siwak and Toothbrush U...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Health and Microbiological Characteristics of Siwak (Chewing Stick) and Toothbrush Users: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yasmin,

Vaithilingam,

Halib

et al. 2024

European Journal of General Dentistry

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Objective Siwak is a chewing stick used to clean the teeth and oral structures. Many studies have been conducted to assess the potential use of siwak in dentistry and concluded that it can be an alternative to a toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingivitis. However, some observations have reported more periodontal attachment loss and gingival recession among siwak users. This study aimed to compare the periodontal health and oral microbial characteristics between siwak and toothbrush users. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study, and participants were recruited from the public who attended community engagement programs. They were assigned to two groups based on whether they used siwak or a toothbrush. Participants who consented were examined for periodontal health. Supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were collected for bacterial identification and quantification. Statistical Analysis The SPSS package version 21.0 was used for data entry. Data normality was statistically tested using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, while data comparison used either t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Results A total of 36 participants were included in this study. The findings revealed that the plaque scores, bleeding scores, and periodontal pocket depths between siwak and toothbrush users were comparable (p > 0.05). Both groups had no evidence of gingival recession. Most participants had bacteria with characteristics of Streptococcus spp., which were present in 12 toothbrush users and 6 siwak users. Conclusions The periodontal health status of siwak users was comparable to that of toothbrush users. Despite this, siwak users had fewer types of bacteria than toothbrush users, suggesting that siwak may serve as an alternative device to conventional toothbrushes for oral hygiene when properly used.

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Section: Discussion Periodontal Health Between Siwak and Toothbrush U...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Health and Microbiological Characteristics of Siwak (Chewing Stick) and Toothbrush Users: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yasmin,

Vaithilingam,

Halib

et al. 2024

European Journal of General Dentistry

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“…The expanding realm of plant-based tooth products shows a rich variety of botanical ingredients. Neem, esteemed for its potent antimicrobial properties derived from compounds like nimbin and azadirachtin, acts as a natural shield against oral bacteria [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Miswak, sourced from the Salvadora persica tree, has been traditionally revered for its natural dental hygiene benefits, attributed to its silica content and alkaloids [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neem, esteemed for its potent antimicrobial properties derived from compounds like nimbin and azadirachtin, acts as a natural shield against oral bacteria [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Miswak, sourced from the Salvadora persica tree, has been traditionally revered for its natural dental hygiene benefits, attributed to its silica content and alkaloids [20][21][22][23][24]. Aloe Vera, known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, finds application in oral care formulations to alleviate discomfort and promote healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Effect of Thioglycosides Extracted from White Mustard on Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: Randomized, Single-Blinded Clinical Trial

Michałowski,

Brodzikowska

2024

IJMS

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The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of thioglycosides has already been established. This study investigates the effects of thioglycosides extracted from white mustard, specifically the “Bamberka” variety, in the context of oral hygiene. The aim of the study is to clarify an evidence-based link between the documented antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects attributed to thioglycosides and their practical application in oral care. A randomized, single-blinded (patient-blinded) clinical study was performed on 66 patients using mustard-based toothpaste for oral hygiene. The patients were examined at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. The values of the Approximal Plaque Index (API), the Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) were taken into consideration. The results show a significant reduction in plaque accumulation, especially after 6 months of using mustard-based toothpaste in all examined parameters. This suggests that thioglycosides from mustard contribute to a considerable decrease in dental plaque accumulation, confirming their potential in natural oral care solutions, which is indicated in the main conclusions or interpretations.

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“…The "miswak" also known as "siwak", used by the Babylonians almost 7000 years ago, is the precursor to toothbrush that continues to be used in many parts of Middle East and South Asia as the traditional means for oral hygiene 5. The Miswak is prepared by cutting the roots or twigs into 15 cm length sticks, the end of which is chewed to separate the fibers until they become like the bristles of a normal toothbrush, which can be then used to brush the teeth 6 . Based on its proven therapeutic benefits, attributed to a combination of the mechanical cleansing effect of its fibrous component and the release of certain biologically active chemicals, the WHO declared that it recommends and encourages the practice of using miswak chewing sticks as an oral hygiene tool 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Oral Hygiene Practices and the Factors Influencing Selection of Tooth and Interdental-Cleaning Devises: A Cross Sectional Survey of Pakistani Adults

Hyder¹,

Butt²,

Quraeshi³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Objective: The current study aimed at determining and characterizing the oral hygiene habits and behaviors of a subset of Pakistani population seeking dental care at a private hospital in Karachi. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the department of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis in Dental Out-Patient-Department of Ziauddin University Karachi from January 2022 to July 2022. Methodology: A total of 530 adult males and females who visited Ziauddin Dental Out-patient-department (OPD) were recruited using non-probability consecutive sampling, as a representative sample of the Pakistani population. After obtaining an informed consent, interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 22. Results: The majority of the subjects interviewed (58.3%) use toothbrush, while 5.8% use miswak, 23.2% use both toothbrush and miswak, and 5.5% use their fingers to clean their teeth. There was no significant difference in selection of oral hygiene device between genders, age groups, level of education, and social economic status. To clean interdental areas, majority participants use toothpicks (39.6%), 13.4% use dental floss, 4.5% use interdental brush while 34.1% use none. 14.3% of the participants reported that they use a mouth-rinse. Conclusion: An assessment of oral hygiene practices serves as a guide for designing effective health education programs that fulfils the periodontal requirements of the target population. Efforts should be made to promote the correct brushing techniques and timings and implement the usage of interdental cleaning aids. Keywords: dental health education, miswak, toothbrushing, floss, mouth rinse

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The effectiveness of miswak (Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) practices in reducing plaque and gingivitis among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Periodontal Health and Microbiological Characteristics of Siwak (Chewing Stick) and Toothbrush Users: A Cross-Sectional Study

Periodontal Health and Microbiological Characteristics of Siwak (Chewing Stick) and Toothbrush Users: A Cross-Sectional Study

Clinical Effect of Thioglycosides Extracted from White Mustard on Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: Randomized, Single-Blinded Clinical Trial

Assessment of Oral Hygiene Practices and the Factors Influencing Selection of Tooth and Interdental-Cleaning Devises: A Cross Sectional Survey of Pakistani Adults

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