The Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission: A Systematic Review

SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad; Afsahi, Amir Masoud; Mirzapour, Pegah; Varshochi, Sanaz; Mojdeganlou, Hengameh; Mojdeganlou, Paniz; Razi, Armin; Alilou, Sanam; Dashti, Mohsen; Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh; Saeidi, Solmaz; Mehraeen, Esmaeil; Dadras, Omid

doi:10.2174/1871526523666230601090905

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Wearing a face mask have a beneficial effect in the prevention of respiratory infections, as also observed in recent COVID-19 pandemic [132]. To have the best prevention it is very important to have a comfortable mask that fits well [133].…”

Section: The Sex Of the Human Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Appropriateness of Medical Devices Is Strongly Influenced by Sex and Gender

Campesi,

Franconi,

Serra

2024

Life

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Until now, research has been performed mainly in men, with a low recruitment of women; consequentially, biological, physiological, and physio-pathological mechanisms are less understood in women. Obviously, without data obtained on women, it is impossible to apply the results of research appropriately to women. This issue also applies to medical devices (MDs), and numerous problems linked to scarce pre-market research and clinical trials on MDs were evidenced after their introduction to the market. Globally, some MDs are less efficient in women than in men and sometimes MDs are less safe for women than men, although recently there has been a small but significant decrease in the sex and gender gap. As an example, cardiac resynchronization defibrillators seem to produce more beneficial effects in women than in men. It is also important to remember that MDs can impact the health of healthcare providers and this could occur in a sex- and gender-dependent manner. Recently, MDs’ complexity is rising, and to ensure their appropriate use they must have a sex–gender-sensitive approach. Unfortunately, the majority of physicians, healthcare providers, and developers of MDs still believe that the human population is only constituted by men. Therefore, to overcome the gender gap, a real collaboration between the inventors of MDs, health researchers, and health providers should be established to test MDs in female and male tissues, animals, and women.

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Section: The Sex Of the Human Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Appropriateness of Medical Devices Is Strongly Influenced by Sex and Gender

Campesi,

Franconi,

Serra

2024

Life

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“…The research by Halpin also suggested that consistent management of chronic respiratory diseases may correlate with a reduced incidence of COVID-19, 21 though this perspective might overlook the preventive benefits of measures like mask-wearing against viruses, bacteria, and harmful particles during the pandemic. 33 In investigations pertaining to individuals afflicted by COVID-19 infection, the elderly patient demographic displayed elevated rates of both morbidity and mortality. 34,35 Initial examinations conducted during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak revealed that among all age brackets, the mortality rate was most pronounced among elderly patients.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic on the Identification and Care of Critically Ill Emergency Patients Not Infected with COVID-19

Zhu,

Li,

et al. 2023

RMHP

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To clarify variations of diagnosis and treatment in the emergency care of critically ill patients not infected with novel coronavirus prior to and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare and analyze the diagnosis and treatment data of critically ill patients with non-COVID-19 infection who were admitted to the emergency department of the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to November 2022. The variations in emergency care of the pandemic were summarized, and the influence of the pandemic on emergency care was assessed. Results: A total of 6634 critically ill patients with non-COVID-19 infection were included in this study. These patients were elderly, high incidence of chronic diseases, and extended emergency duration during the pandemic. Notably, the proportion of patients requiring intensive care was twofold higher compared to the period before the pandemic. Throughout the pandemic, patients experienced prolonged emergency durations, increased overall costs and daily expenses per patient. Further investigation revealed that elderly patients exhibited worse medical conditions, requiring lengthier emergency treatment and incurring escalated healthcare expenses. However, the presence of pre-existing chronic diseases did not appear to influence disease severity, nor extended emergency durations or heightened healthcare expenditures. Irrespective of the pandemic phase-be it short-term, medium-term, or long-term emergency care-greater healthcare spending was necessary. Conclusion:There was no difference in the disease spectrum of emergency critical ill patients with non-COVID-19 infection prior to and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, nor the duration and expenditure in prior chronic illness patients. However, the disease severity and emergency duration have led to an increase in the total cost and economic intensity of emergency care for all patients during the epidemic. Especially, elderly patients required longer emergency duration, greater healthcare spending, and more inpatient medical resources than usual.

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