“…It is uncertain how representative the data are of the whole picture of criminal assets that are identified and ordered to be confiscated. There are lots of missing data across whole dataset, which is not surprising: there is a general paucity of data available on even the most essential aspects of asset confiscation even in the European Union, including total amount of confiscated assets (Fazekas & Nanopoulos, 2016 including identification of relations between variables. This paper, however, relies completely on official judicial data and reflects an effort to census-wise cover data from all courts; there was no intent to examine relationships (at least using statistical tools) between variables.…”