The Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (Project DARE): 5-Year Follow-Up Results

Clayton, Richard; Cattarello, Anne M.; Johnstone, Bryan M.

doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0061

Cited by 271 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

125

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…56 Moreover, although a Denmark study found that mandatory hunter education training resulted in a 50% decrease in hunting-related unintentional firearm injuries, 37 to our knowledge, there are no empirical evaluations of similar efforts in the U.S. Widely-used efforts that rely solely on behavior change, including efforts to train children to stay away from guns, have been found to be of limited benefit and, in some cases, may even be detrimental. [57][58][59][60][61][62] Thus, hunter safety education in the U.S. merits further evaluation.…”

Section: Implications For Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational Gun Use by California Adolescents

Vittes

Sorenson

2005

Health Educ Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most research on adolescents and firearms focus on urban populations, handguns, and homicide. The present investigation examines the prevalence and correlates of recreational gun use (RGU) -for hunting or target shooting -among 5801 community-residing 12-to 17-year old Californians. Data are from the first statewide California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), and person, design, and population weights were applied to the data. About one-fifth (22.4%) of California adolescents report that they have gone hunting or target shooting. Nearly two thirds (62.8%) have hunted with a family member, typically (67.3%) their father. Recreational gun use among adolescents appears to be linked to a few basic demographic characteristics; most notably, males had an AOR of RGU nearly five times that of females. Some of the variables associated with RGU are consistent with those for violent gun use; differences, however, suggest that separate approaches to preventing firearm-related injury may be warranted.

show abstract

Section: Implications For Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational Gun Use by California Adolescents

Vittes

Sorenson

2005

Health Educ Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples from the drug prevention field of such separation of roles include most of the evaluations of the DARE program (e.g., Clayton, Cattarello & Johnstone, 1996;Ennett et al, 1994) and the Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project (Petersen et al, 2000). These studies produced little evidence of program effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also acknowledge that what we present are "idea type" organizational cultures. However, there have been instances in which evaluations of drug and violence prevention programs have been conducted by totally independent research teams using what appears to be an entirely critical and skeptical approach to their subject matter (e.g., Clayton et al, 1996;Hallfors et al, 2006;Petersen et al, 2000). Likewise, there are clear instances where the claims of effectiveness made by program advocates go far beyond existing empirical evidence (Gandhi et al, 2007;Gorman, 1998).…”

Section: The Institute Of Medicine's Open Systems Model Of Conflict Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict of interest in the evaluation and dissemination of “model” school-based drug and violence prevention programs

Gorman

Conde

2007

Evaluation and Program Planning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conflict of interest refers to a set of conditions in which professional judgment concerning the validity of research might be influenced by a secondary competing interest. The competing interest that has received most attention in the literature addressing the prevalence and effects of such conflicts on the practice of empirical research has been that of financial relationships between investigators and research sponsors. The potential for conflicts of interest to arise in the evaluation of drug prevention programs was raised by Moskowitz in this journal in 1993, but to date there has been no attempt made to estimate the scope of this problem. The present study addressed this issue using a sample of "model" school-based drug and violence prevention interventions by first, identifying the types or relationships that exist between program developers and program distributors, and, second, by assessing how many of the evaluations of these programs published in peer-reviewed journals had been conducted by the developers of the programs compared to independent evaluation teams. The data presented indicate that there are relatively few published evaluations that do not involve program developers and that there are few instances in which there is complete separation between the program developer and program distributor. Using the open systems model of the Institute of Medicine Committee on Research Integrity as a framework, it is argued that the culture and norms of the program developer and those of the program evaluator are fundamentally distinct and therefore failure to separate these roles produces high potential for conflict of interest to arise.

show abstract

“…Student participation is encouraged through role-playing and homework assignments. Early evaluations of the DARE curriculum reported short-term changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and cigarette smoking behaviour that were only modest in size and not sustained in long-term studies (Clayton, Cattarello & Johnstone, 1996). A more recent meta-analysis published in June of 2004 showed similar results with an extremely small (0.011) and non-significant (z = 0.73) effect size for the included studies (West & O'Neal, 2004).…”

Section: Project Darementioning

confidence: 92%