The effectiveness of different types of motorcycle helmets – A scoping review

Introduction: Motorcycle accidents are one of the most frequent causes of trauma. Safety devices and helmets can influence the severity of injuries. Our retrospective study wants to evaluate the different effectiveness of Open-face and Full-face helmets in the prevention of craniofacial trauma. Materials and Methods: The sample consists of 440 patients admitted to two Level I Trauma Centres in Northern Italy, between January 2002 and February 2019, because of motorcycle-related craniofacial trauma. For each patient personal data were collected, as well as type and site of fractures, type of helmet, if worn, Comprehensive Facial Injury (CFI) score and Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS-Head) for head injuries. Inferential statistical analysis was then conducted. Results: Two hundred and eighty-eight patients wore Open-face helmets (69.7%) and 125 patients wore Full-face ones (30.3%). Mean CFI score (Standard deviation - SD) observed in patients with Open-face helmets was 7.0 (SD: 6.8) and surgery was required in 149 cases (51.7%); while it was 4.9 (SD: 6.0) in patients with Full-face helmets for whom surgery was required in 43 cases (34.4%) ( P < 0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis shows that severity of facial trauma is a significant risk factor for head injury severity with OR 1.90 (95% confidence interval: 1.43 - 2.51) and P < 0.0001. Discussion: Full-face helmets are definitely considered to be more protective for facial trauma, which is also a significant risk factor for the severity of head injuries. The type of helmet chosen influences the need of surgical treatment in case of craniofacial trauma.

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“…Consequently, contradictory results are reported in literature. [ 7 8 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of different safety devices in the prevention of motorcycle-related craniofacial trauma - A retrospective study

Novelli

Moretti

Ponti

et al. 2021

Ann Maxillofac Surg

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“…This methodology has been used in previous scoping reviews in road policing and road safety (Bates et al , 2019b; Bates et al , 2019a; Tabary et al , 2021) and other fields (Bates et al , 2016a; Jones et al , 2016). Studies were included if they contained empirical research or reviews of empirical research articles and examined the relationship between dangerous driving and other criminal behaviour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between dangerous driving and other criminal behaviour: a scoping review

Bates

Alexander

Webster

2022

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the link between dangerous driving and other criminal behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-step process for scoping reviews to identify, summarise and classify identified literature was used. Within the 30-year timeframe (1990–2019), 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings This review indicates that individuals who commit certain driving offences are more likely to also have a general criminal history. In particular, driving under the influence, driving unlicensed and high-range speeding offences were associated with other forms of criminal behaviour. Seven of the studies mentioned common criminological theories; however, they were not integrated well in the analysis. No studies used explanatory psychosocial theories that investigate social and contextual factors. Research limitations/implications Future research in this area would benefit from exploring individual and social influences that contribute to criminal behaviour in both contexts. Practical implications There is the potential to develop an information-led policing approach to improve safety on the roads and reduce wider offending behaviour. However, it is critical that road policing officers continue to focus on ensuring the road system is as safe as possible for users. Originality/value Criminal behaviour on the roads is often seen as a separate from other types of offending. This paper explores if, and how, these two types of offending are linked.

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“…Elle peut viser à modifier le comportement des individus (éducation et diffusion d'informations), ou être une intervention substantielle qui fournit un produit, un dispositif ou un équipement nouveau ou amélioré. Les techniques et les pratiques ont généralement des objectifs simples (par exemple, les casques protègent la tête [13] , les brochures d'information visent à modifier les connaissances des gens concernant la conduite sous l'influence de l'alcool [14] ), pour lesquels l'évaluation du succès peut être simple. Les programmes et les politiques peuvent être des combinaisons de techniques et de pratiques nombreuses et variées, avec des acteurs, des objectifs et des mécanismes d'action différents.…”

Section: Concepts Connexesunclassified