The Effectiveness of Aquaponic Compared to Modified Conventional Aquaculture for Improved of Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate

Abstract

Indonesia is currently faced with a variety of problems, including relating to increasing food demand and prices, increasingly scarce clean water, and poverty. Therefore, the development of aquaponics technology has been carried out, which integrates aquaculture and hydroponics. This study was conducted to compare water quality (pH, temperature, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) produced from 2 different systems, namely aquaponic with modified conventional aquaculture systems. In an aquaponic system, water recirculation follows the steps: Water from a fish pond tank (FPT), flows to mechanical tanks-1(MT-1), biofilter tanks (BT), mechanical tanks-2 (MT-2), to hydroponic plants (HP), and finally back to FPT, and so on. While conventional aquaculture systems, water recirculation is only through FPT, MT, and BT. The results were obtained for aquaponic (ammonia 0.350-5.946 mg/L, nitrite 0.193-0.880 mg/L and nitrate 1.031-5.542 mg/L), and for modified conventional aquaculture systems (ammonia 0.350-9.353 mg/L, nitrite 0.114-0.880 mg/L and nitrate 0.949-1.031 mg/L). While the pH and temperature values for the two systems are the same, pH 7.18-8.9, and water temperature 26.7-30.0°C.

Study of the Utilization of Heavy Metal Biosorption (Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni) with Chitosan from Crab and Kupang Shell Waste

“…Heavy metals can enter the food chain mainly through fish and plants. Plants tend to take up heavy metals dissolved in water, and the metals accumulate in their roots and are then transferred to the parts that can be eaten by humans such as vegetables & fruits [7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…Cadmium, mainly from the alloy industry, and smelting can cause kidney damage. Copper from the electronics industry can cause insomnia, Wilson's disease and liver damage [1][2][3][4]10,[12][13][14][15]. The same as other heavy metals such as chromium, manganese, iron and cobalt are also very harmful to living organisms and therefore, wastewater treatment must be done properly before being discharged into the environment [8,9,14,16,17].…”

Performance growth and survival of Hemibagrus nemurus with probiotic application on aquaponics

“…This fish is commonly consumed fresh or processed form (smoked fish). The increasing productivity of fish is using aquaponics technology, a combination of fish and plant cultivation [1,2].…”

“…One way of cultivation that can be applied to increase the Productivity of catfish is to use aquaponics technology, a combination of fish and plant cultivation (vegetables) [1,2]. Aquaponics technology produces fish optimally on narrow land and limited water sources.…”

“…Aquaponics technology produces fish optimally on narrow land and limited water sources. With the combination of these technologies, it is expected that households can meet food for consumption and increase their income [2].…”