The effectiveness of American college sexual assault interventions in highly masculine settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ruvalcaba, Yanet; Rodríguez, Ana Lucía; Eaton, Asia A.; Stephens, Dionne P.; Madhivanan, Purnima

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2022.101760

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…This is especially important among men, who are more likely than women to both downplay (Beshers & DiVita, 2021; Byrne et al, 2021) and perpetuate sexual assault (Smith et al, 2017). Men are understandably targeted by anti-sexual assault interventions (Ruvalcaba et al, 2022); it is thus essential to understand what predicts their resistance to such education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men's Hostile Sexism Predicts Skepticism of Sexual Assault Science

Betz,

Deegan,

Gomes

2023

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Sexual assault statistics are both widely disseminated and routinely challenged. Two studies investigated reactions to sexual assault research through the lens of ideologically motivated science denial. In particular, hostile sexism was expected to positively predict skepticism of sexual assault research. In Study 1, adult men in the United States ( N = 316) reported their hostile sexism, then read one of three research summaries and reported their skepticism of the findings. Although there was no difference in skepticism across conditions, hostile sexism was a stronger predictor of skepticism regarding sexual assault research than of skepticism regarding breast cancer or alcohol abuse research. In Study 2 ( N = 254), a standard self-affirmation manipulation failed to alter the hostile sexism-skepticism relation. Given that people deny science when it contradicts their ideology, it was posited that the research substantiating sexual assault had clashed with hostilely sexist views of women. Strategies beyond standard self-affirmation interventions, such as scientific literacy psychoeducation, may thus be needed to effectively communicate sexual assault-relevant science to hostile audiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men's Hostile Sexism Predicts Skepticism of Sexual Assault Science

Betz,

Deegan,

Gomes

2023

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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“…For example, an influential review conducted by DeGue et al (2014) captured the full breadth of primary prevention interventions, reviewing about 140 studies, but did not provide a quantitative assessment or meta-analysis of these efforts. Other reviews provided a quantitative assessment of a smaller slice of the literature, such as bystander interventions (Mujal et al, 2021;Park & Kim, 2023), programs specifically targeting men or masculine spaces (Ruvacalba et al, 2022;Wright et al, 2020), or interventions on college campuses (Kettrey et al, 2023;Kettrey & Marx, 2019;Wright et al, 2020)…”

Section: Primary Prevention Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These and other related efforts pull on a tradition of pioneering scholarship on sexual-violence prevention, one that began courageously at the dawn of activist pushback against sexual violence (e.g., Brownmiller, 1975/2005 ; Connell & Wilson, 1974 ). To date, this tradition of scholarship has been summarized either in narrative form (e.g., DeGue et al, 2014 ; Rutherford, 2011 , 2017 ) or only partially meta-analyzed (e.g., Kettrey et al, 2023 ; Kettrey & Marx, 2019 ; Mujal et al, 2021 ; Ruvacalba et al, 2022 ; Wright et al, 2020 ). Our current review provides empirical results from 13 countries and seeks to summarize all primary prevention efforts from 1985 to 2018.…”

Section: The Problem Of Sexual Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Sexual Violence: A Behavioral Problem Without a Behaviorally Informed Solution

Porat,

Gantman,

Green

et al. 2024

Psychol Sci Public Interest

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What solutions can we find in the research literature for preventing sexual violence, and what psychological theories have guided these efforts? We gather all primary prevention efforts to reduce sexual violence from 1985 to 2018 and provide a bird’s-eye view of the literature. We first review predominant theoretical approaches to sexual-violence perpetration prevention by highlighting three interventions that exemplify the zeitgeist of primary prevention efforts at various points during this time period. We find a throughline in primary prevention interventions: They aim to change attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge (i.e., ideas) to reduce sexual-violence perpetration and victimization. Our meta-analysis of these studies tests the efficacy of this approach directly and finds that although many interventions are successful at changing ideas, behavior change does not follow. There is little to no relationship between changing attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge and reducing victimization or perpetration. We also observe trends over time, including a shift from targeting a reduction in perpetration to targeting an increase in bystander intervention. We conclude by highlighting promising new strategies for measuring victimization and perpetration and calling for interventions that are informed by theories of behavior change and that center sexually violent behavior as the key outcome of interest.

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“…These and other related efforts pull on a tradition of pioneering scholarship on sexual violence prevention, one that was begun courageously at the dawn of activist pushback against sexual violence (e.g., Brownmiller, 1975Brownmiller, /2005Connell & Wilson, 1974). To date, this tradition of scholarship has been summarized either in narrative form (e.g., Rutherford, 2011Rutherford, , 2017 or only partially meta-analyzed (e.g., DeGue et al, 2014;Kettrey & Marx, 2019;Kettrey, Thompson, Marx, & Davis, 2023;Mujal, Taylor, Fry, Gochez-Kerr, & Weaver, 2021;Ruvacalba, Rodriguez, Eaton, Stephens, & Madhivanan, 2022;Wright, Zounlome, & Whiston, 2020;Wright et al, 2020). Our present review provides empirical results from 13 countries and seeks to summarize all primary prevention efforts from 1985 to 2018.…”

Section: The Problem Of Sexual Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, an influential review conducted by DeGue et al ( 2014) captured the full breadth of primary prevention interventions, reviewing about 140 studies, but did not provide a quantitative assessment or meta-analysis of these efforts. Other reviews provided a quantitative assessment of a smaller slice of the literature, such as bystander interventions (Mujal et al, 2021;Park & Kim, 2023), programs specifically targeting men or masculine spaces (Ruvacalba et al, 2022;Wright et al, 2020), or interventions on college campuses (Kettrey & Marx, 2019;Kettrey et al, 2023;Wright et al, 2020)…”

Section: Primary Prevention Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Sexual Violence —A Behavioral Problem Without a Behaviorally-Informed Solution

Porat,

Gantman,

Green

et al. 2024

Preprint

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What solutions can we find in the research literature for preventing sexual violence, and what psychological theories have guided these efforts? We gather all primary prevention efforts to reduce sexual violence from 1985-2018 and provide a birds-eye view of the literature. We first review predominant theoretical approaches to sexual violence perpetration prevention by highlighting three interventions that exemplify the zeitgeist of primary prevention efforts at various points during this time period. We find a throughline in primary prevention interventions: They aim to change attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge (i.e. ideas) in order to reduce sexual violence perpetration and victimization. Our meta-analysis of these studies tests the efficacy of this approach directly, and finds that while many interventions are successful at changing ideas, behavior change does not follow. There is little to no relationship between changing attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge and reducing victimization or perpetration. We also observe trends over time, including a shift from targeting a reduction in perpetration to targeting an increase in bystander intervention. We conclude by highlighting promising new strategies for measuring victimization and perpetration and calling for interventions that are informed by theories of behavior change and that center sexually violent behavior as the key outcome of interest.

show abstract

The effectiveness of American college sexual assault interventions in highly masculine settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 85 publications

Men's Hostile Sexism Predicts Skepticism of Sexual Assault Science

Men's Hostile Sexism Predicts Skepticism of Sexual Assault Science

Preventing Sexual Violence: A Behavioral Problem Without a Behaviorally Informed Solution

Preventing Sexual Violence —A Behavioral Problem Without a Behaviorally-Informed Solution

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