The Effective Stimulus for Increased Pulmonary Ventilation During Muscular Exertion

Barman, Julio M.; Moreira, Manoel F.; Consolazio, F. C.

doi:10.1172/jci101368

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The application of positive pressure to the exercising limb has been used previously to investigate ventilatory control during exercise (4,12,13,16,40,45,48,53). Hyperventilation has been found if the exercise is sufficiently intense to produce lactic acidemia (16,45,53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperventilation has been found if the exercise is sufficiently intense to produce lactic acidemia (16,45,53). An older study that utilized limb positive pressure during mild exercise, but did not measure blood lactate, showed slight decreases in ventilation (4). This might suggest that muscle acidosis is necessary for the ventilatory metaboreflex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skeletal muscle chemoreflex and pH_iin exercise ventilatory control

Oelberg

Evans

Hrovat

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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To determine whether skeletal muscle hydrogen ion mediates ventilatory drive in humans during exercise, 12 healthy subjects performed three bouts of isotonic submaximal quadriceps exercise on each of 2 days in a 1.5-T magnet for 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). Bilateral lower extremity positive pressure cuffs were inflated to 45 Torr during exercise (BLPPex) or recovery (BLPPrec) in a randomized order to accentuate a muscle chemoreflex. Simultaneous measurements were made of breath-by-breath expired gases and minute ventilation, arterialized venous blood, and by 31P-MRS of the vastus medialis, acquired from the average of 12 radio-frequency pulses at a repetition time of 2.5 s. With BLPPex, end-exercise minute ventilation was higher (53.3 +/- 3.8 vs. 37.3 +/- 2.2 l/min; P < 0.0001), arterialized PCO2 lower (33 +/- 1 vs. 36 +/- 1 Torr; P = 0.0009), and quadriceps intracellular pH (pHi) more acid (6.44 +/- 0.07 vs. 6.62 +/- 0.07; P = 0.004), compared with BLPPrec. Blood lactate was modestly increased with BLPPex but without a change in arterialized pH. For each subject, pHi was linearly related to minute ventilation during exercise but not to arterialized pH. These data suggest that skeletal muscle hydrogen ion contributes to the exercise ventilatory response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle chemoreflex and pH_iin exercise ventilatory control

Oelberg

Evans

Hrovat

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Overall, the occlusion studies on humans during exercise are inconclusive (Dempsey et al 2014). Some find no effect on breathing (Asmussen et al 1943;Dejours et al 1957;Rowell et al 1976) or an increase (Comroe & Schmidt, 1943;Sargeant et al 1981) or a decrease (Barman et al 1943).…”

Section: Inconclusive Stimulation Experiments In Humans For Venous Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappraisal of systemic venous chemoreceptors: might they explain the matching of breathing to metabolic rate in humans?

Parkes

2017

Experimental Physiology

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What is the topic of this review? One of the major unanswered questions in physiology is that of how breathing matches metabolic rate. Venous chemoreceptors seem to have been dismissed since the 1960s. What advances does it highlight? New evidence shows that their apparent dismissal needs reappraisal. The paper on which this depends has more than one interpretation, and another paper obtained the opposite result. Previous search ignored all locations between skeletal muscle and the right heart. Oxygen sensors other than the arterial chemoreceptors do exist. Heymans and colleagues originally demonstrated some residual breathing response to hypoxia in sino-aortically denervated animals. Similar results occur in humans. One of the major unanswered questions in physiology is that of how breathing matches metabolic rate. The existence in humans of venous chemoreceptors that might control breathing seems to have been dismissed since the 1960s. New evidence has emerged showing that this apparent dismissal needs reappraisal. First, the paper in humans on which this depends has more than one interpretation. Moreover, a previous paper obtained the opposite result and is not cited. Secondly, previous search for venous chemoreceptors failed to examine all venous locations between skeletal muscle and the right heart and lungs. Thirdly, oxygen sensors other than the arterial chemoreceptors do exist. Heymans himself originally demonstrated some residual breathing response to hypoxia in sino-aortically denervated animals. Others confirm a residual breathing response to hypoxia in mammals, including humans. There is now considerable interest in the importance of afferent feedback in controlling the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Moreover, it is now clear that arterial, aortic and central chemoreceptors have no role in explaining how breathing matches metabolic rate during exercise. These together provide a timely reminder that venous chemoreceptors remain ideal candidates still to be considered as metabolic rate sensors to explain matching in humans. Firstly, this is because venous PO2 and PCO2 values do change appropriately in proportion to metabolic rate, so a metabolic rate signal sufficient to drive breathing might already exist. Secondly, chemoreceptor-like anatomical structures are present in the systemic venous system but remain unexplored. Finally, no extant experimental evidence precludes their existence.

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Reflexes Controlling Circulatory, Ventilatory and Airway Responses to Exercise

Kaufman

Forster

1996

Comprehensive Physiology

225

308

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The sections in this article are: Reflex Cardiovascular Responses to Muscular Contraction in Anesthetized and Decerebrate Animals Sensory Innervation of Skeletal Muscle Reflex Autonomic Responses to Stimulation of Muscle Afferents in Anesthetized Animals Discharge Properties of Group III and IV Muscle Afferents The Site of the First Synapse—The Dorsal Horn Role of Spinal Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators in the Exercise Pressor Reflex Pathways Ascending from the Dorsal Horn The Ventrolateral Medulla Other Central Neural Structures Final Common Pathways Interaction Between the Arterial Baroreflex and the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Anesthetized and Decerebrate Animals Evidence for the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Humans and Conscious Animals Feedback from Contracting Limb Skeletal Muscle in Humans and Conscious Animals The Nature of the Stimulus Evoking the Exercise Pressor Reflex Contribution of Peripheral Afferents to the Exercise Hyperpnea Afferents from the Exercising limbs The Carotid Chemoreceptor Afferents Role in Hyperventilation During Heavy Exercise The Pulmonary Afferents Cardiac Afferents Respiratory Muscle Afferents Mediation of the Exercise Hyperpnea by Multiple Mechanisms Summary and Conclusions Peripheral Afferent Contribution to Circulatory Responses to Exercise Peripheral Afferent Contribution to Ventilatory Responses to Exercise

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The Effective Stimulus for Increased Pulmonary Ventilation During Muscular Exertion

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Skeletal muscle chemoreflex and pH_iin exercise ventilatory control

Skeletal muscle chemoreflex and pH_iin exercise ventilatory control

Reappraisal of systemic venous chemoreceptors: might they explain the matching of breathing to metabolic rate in humans?

Reflexes Controlling Circulatory, Ventilatory and Airway Responses to Exercise

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The Effective Stimulus for Increased Pulmonary Ventilation During Muscular Exertion

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Skeletal muscle chemoreflex and pHiin exercise ventilatory control

Skeletal muscle chemoreflex and pHiin exercise ventilatory control

Reappraisal of systemic venous chemoreceptors: might they explain the matching of breathing to metabolic rate in humans?

Reflexes Controlling Circulatory, Ventilatory and Airway Responses to Exercise

Contact Info

Product

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Skeletal muscle chemoreflex and pH_iin exercise ventilatory control

Skeletal muscle chemoreflex and pH_iin exercise ventilatory control