The Effective Healing Strategy against Localized Attacks on Interdependent Spatially Embedded Networks

Abstract

Many real infrastructure networks, such as power grids and communication networks, are not only depend on one another to function, but also embedded in space. A lot of works have been devoted to reveal the vulnerability of interdependent spatially embedded networks considers random failures. However, recently research show that they are susceptible to geographically localized attacks or failures cased by natural disasters or terrorist attacks, which affect all nodes within a given radius. In particular, small localized attacks may lead to catastrophic consequences. As a remedy of the collapse instability, one research introduced a dynamic healing strategy and the possibility of new connectivity link with a probability, called random healing, to bridge two remaining neighbors of a failed node. The random strategy is straightforward. Here, unlike previous strategy, we propose a simple but effective strategy, called healing strategy by prioritizing minimum degree(HPMD), which establishing a new link between two functioning neighbors with minimum degree during the cascading failures. In addition, we consider the distance between two nodes to avoid change the network structures. Afterwards, a comparison is made between HPMD and three healing strategies: random, degree centrality and local centrality to identify which a pair of neighbors have high priority. Simulation experiments are presented for two square lattices with the same size as interdependent spatially embedded networks under localized attacks. Results demonstrated that HPMD strategy has an outstanding performance against localized attacks, even when ratio of healing is vary. Moreover, HPMD is more timely, more applicability and costless. Our method is meaningful in practice as it can greatly enhance the resilience and robustness of interdependent spatially embedded networks against localized attacks, and eradicate catastrophic collapse in spatial system. keywords: interdependent spatially embedded networks, localized attacks, cascading failures, healing strategy corresponding

The Target Recovery Strategy for Preventing Avalanche Breakdown on Interdependent Community Networks

“…Interconnected nodes provide pathways for failures to propagate from one community to the others, so the failed interconnected nodes are even more destructive than hub nodes [15]. For example, as a random failure occurs, a few failed power stations in one city trigger the failure of the dependent communication towers in the identical city as well as some power stations from adjacent cities [14,16,17]. erefore, it is of practical significance to study how to enhance the robustness of ICNs against random failures.…”