The effective field theory of dark energy

Gubitosi, Giulia; Piazza, Federico; Vernizzi, Filippo

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/02/032

Cited by 457 publications

(901 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Finally, note that expanding Horndeski's theory about a cosmological FLRW solution neatly leads to a type of EFT of dark energy, similar to the theories discussed in [230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238]. Additionally, the fact that expanding the general Horndeski theory about a cosmological background in the quasi-static regime requires two functions of time and scale to describe perturbations connects to the parameterized post-Friedmann approach to modified gravity, which we discuss briefly in Sections 10.1.3 and 10.2.4.…”

Section: Horndeski Theorymentioning

confidence: 78%

“…For a general parameterization of theories of this type (albeit in the weak-field regime), see [230]. There is a complementary viewpoint where an Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) background is assumed and the effective field theory for perturbations about this background is constructed [231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238]. This effective field theory of dark energy is closely related to the effective field theory of inflation formalism [239][240][241].…”

Section: Effective Field Theory As a Unifying Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond the cosmological standard model

et al. 2015

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After a decade and a half of research motivated by the accelerating universe, theory and experiment have a reached a certain level of maturity. The development of theoretical models beyond Λ or smooth dark energy, often called modified gravity, has led to broader insights into a path forward, and a host of observational and experimental tests have been developed. In this review we present the current state of the field and describe a framework for anticipating developments in the next decade. We identify the guiding principles for rigorous and consistent modifications of the standard model, and discuss the prospects for empirical tests.We begin by reviewing recent attempts to consistently modify Einstein gravity in the infrared, focusing on the notion that additional degrees of freedom introduced by the modification must "screen" themselves from local tests of gravity. We categorize screening mechanisms into three broad classes: mechanisms which become active in regions of high Newtonian potential, those in which first derivatives of the field become important, and those for which second derivatives of the field are important. Examples of the first class, such as f (R) gravity, employ the familiar chameleon or symmetron mechanisms, whereas examples of the last class are galileon and massive gravity theories, employing the Vainshtein mechanism. In each case, we describe the theories as effective theories and discuss prospects for completion in a more fundamental theory. We describe experimental tests of each class of theories, summarizing laboratory and solar system tests and describing in some detail astrophysical and cosmological tests. Finally, we discuss prospects for future tests which will be sensitive to different signatures of new physics in the gravitational sector.The review is structured so that those parts that are more relevant to theorists vs. observers/experimentalists are clearly indicated, in the hope that this will serve as a useful reference for both audiences, as well as helping those interested in bridging the gap between them.

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Section: Horndeski Theorymentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Effective Field Theory As a Unifying Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the cosmological standard model

et al. 2015

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“…Because of the symmetries of FRW, the possible operators in an action in this gauge are very straightforward, and can be arranged into a perturbative expansion, with each operator having a function of time for a coefficient. In this section, we provide a very brief overview of the formalism, directing the reader to the literature for a thorough introduction [10,11,20].…”

Section: Overview Of Effective Field Theory Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was previously shown [10,11] that the leading order operators in such a construction are given by the following action.…”

Section: Overview Of Effective Field Theory Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this approach, it is assumed that the background evolution of the universe is known, allowing the perturbative behavior to be investigated in detail. This approach has been generalized to dark energy models [10,11,21], where it has been demonstrated to provide a very general method for calculating perturbative behavior. By discarding information about the background, the EFT approach condenses the model-dependent information into a handful of functions of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simplified approach to general scalar-tensor theories

Bloomfield¹

2013

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

113

163

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The most general covariant action describing gravity coupled to a scalar field with only second order equations of motion, Horndeski's theory (also known as "Generalized Galileons"), provides an all-encompassing model in which single scalar dark energy models may be constrained. However, the generality of the model makes it cumbersome to manipulate. In this paper, we demonstrate that when considering linear perturbations about a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background, the theory is completely specified by only six functions of time, two of which are constrained by the background evolution. We utilise the ideas of the Effective Field Theory of Inflation/Dark Energy to explicitly construct these six functions of time in terms of the free functions appearing in Horndeski's theory. These results are used to investigate the behavior of the theory in the quasistatic approximation. We find that only four functions of time are required to completely specify the linear behavior of the theory in this limit, which can further be reduced if the background evolution is fixed. This presents a significantly reduced parameter space from the original presentation of Horndeski's theory, giving hope to the possibility of constraining the parameter space. This work provides a cross-check for previous work on linear perturbations in this theory, and also generalizes it to include spatial curvature.

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C${\cal C}$osmological G${\cal G}$eometric P${\cal P}$hase F${\cal F}$rom P${\cal P}$ure Q${\cal Q}$uantum S${\cal S}$tates: A Study without/ with having Bell's Inequality Violation

Choudhury

2022

Fortschritte der Physik

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In this paper, using the concept of Lewis Riesenfeld invariant quantum operator method for finding continuous eigenvalues of quantum mechanical wave functions we derive the analytical expressions for the cosmological geometric phase, which is commonly identified to be the Pancharatnam Berry phase from primordial cosmological perturbation scenario. We compute this cosmological geometric phase from two possible physical situations, (1) In the absence of Bell's inequality violation and (2) In the presence of Bell's inequality violation having the contributions in the sub Hubble region (−kτ≫1$-k\tau \gg 1$), super Hubble region (−kτ≪1$-k\tau \ll 1$) and at the horizon crossing point (−kτ=1$-k\tau = 1$) for massless field (m/scriptH≪1$m/{\cal H}\ll 1$), partially massless field (m/scriptH∼1$m/{\cal H}\sim 1$) and massive/heavy field (m/scriptH≫1$m/{\cal H}\gg 1$), in the background of quantum field theory of spatially flat quasi De Sitter geometry. The prime motivation for this work is to investigate the various unknown quantum mechanical features of primordial universe. To give the realistic interpretation of the derived theoretical results we express everything initially in terms of slowly varying conformal time dependent parameters, and then to connect with cosmological observation we further express the results in terms of cosmological observables, which are spectral index/tilt of scalar mode power spectrum (nζ$n_{\zeta }$) and tensor‐to‐scalar ratio (r). Finally, this identification helps us to provide the stringent numerical constraints on the Pancharatnam Berry phase, which confronts well with recent cosmological observation.

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The effective field theory of dark energy

Cited by 457 publications

References 78 publications

Beyond the cosmological standard model

Beyond the cosmological standard model

A simplified approach to general scalar-tensor theories

C${\cal C}$osmological G${\cal G}$eometric P${\cal P}$hase F${\cal F}$rom P${\cal P}$ure Q${\cal Q}$uantum S${\cal S}$tates: A Study without/ with having Bell's Inequality Violation

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