The effect on energy expenditure of walking on gradients or carrying burdens

Kramer, Patricia Ann

doi:10.1002/ajhb.21027

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Different approaches have been taken to investigate the load transport economy. The absolute amount of oxygen consumed (Chung, Lee, Lee, & Choi, ); the amount of oxygen consumed relative to body mass (Lloyd & Cooke, ), or to total mass (body mass + carried load) (Balogun et al, ); the energy cost of locomotion (Abe, Yanagawa, & Niihata, ), the energy of walking and carrying burdens (Kramer, ); or the net metabolic power (Bastien, Willems, Schepens, & Heglund, ) have been reported to properly reflect the energetic cost of burden transport. Nonetheless, following Lloyd, Hind, Parr, Davies, and Cooke (), the cost of transporting a load is best represented by factoring out the energy cost of unloaded walking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No sex differences in the economy of load‐carriage

Prado‐Nóvoa

Rodrı́guez

Vidal‐Cordasco

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: Load transport activities are of vital importance to current foragers for daily subsistence tasks; thus, it has been suggested that these practices have transformed physical and behavioral characteristics through human evolution.Together with the procurement targets and strategies, the transportation of resources acquired while foraging is strongly influenced by the sex of the foragers. In hunter-gatherer societies, women, despite their smaller body size, usually carry heavier burdens than males. In this study, whether those behavioral differences can be explained by a different economy of load-carriage by sex, irrespective of the body mass of the individuals, is investigated. Material and methods: The energy expenditure of a sample of 48 volunteers (21 females, 27 males) during a set of locomotion and burden transport trials was monitored. Two indexes were computed to compare the increment in the cost of locomotion relative to the load carried by sex. Results: The results demonstrate that both males and females, carrying the same relative loads, experience the same increment over the cost of their unloaded locomotion. Therefore, apart from obvious differences in body mass, there is no evidence of a dissimilar economy favoring one sex over the other that would explain the differences in load-carriage activities observed among current foraging populations.Conclusions: These outcomes provide new conclusions about the constraints of the behavioral ecology of burden transport activities, and highlight the necessity to reevaluate, from an evolutionary perspective, the ideas about the sexual division of subsistence labor in hunter-gatherer and agriculturalist populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No sex differences in the economy of load‐carriage

Prado‐Nóvoa

Rodrı́guez

Vidal‐Cordasco

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

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“…Because previous work [65] indicated that considerable between individual variability exists in walking and that at least some of this variability is due to physiological factors for which we are not currently able to control, we wanted to distinguish variability that exists within an individual from that which exists between individuals. This is important because it provides information regarding the degree to which the method accounts for these two sources of variation (within and between individuals).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Energetic Cost of Walking: A Comparison of Predictive Methods

Kramer

Sylvester

2011

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe energy that animals devote to locomotion has been of intense interest to biologists for decades and two basic methodologies have emerged to predict locomotor energy expenditure: those based on metabolic and those based on mechanical energy. Metabolic energy approaches share the perspective that prediction of locomotor energy expenditure should be based on statistically significant proxies of metabolic function, while mechanical energy approaches, which derive from many different perspectives, focus on quantifying the energy of movement. Some controversy exists as to which mechanical perspective is “best”, but from first principles all mechanical methods should be equivalent if the inputs to the simulation are of similar quality. Our goals in this paper are 1) to establish the degree to which the various methods of calculating mechanical energy are correlated, and 2) to investigate to what degree the prediction methods explain the variation in energy expenditure.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe use modern humans as the model organism in this experiment because their data are readily attainable, but the methodology is appropriate for use in other species. Volumetric oxygen consumption and kinematic and kinetic data were collected on 8 adults while walking at their self-selected slow, normal and fast velocities. Using hierarchical statistical modeling via ordinary least squares and maximum likelihood techniques, the predictive ability of several metabolic and mechanical approaches were assessed. We found that all approaches are correlated and that the mechanical approaches explain similar amounts of the variation in metabolic energy expenditure. Most methods predict the variation within an individual well, but are poor at accounting for variation between individuals.ConclusionOur results indicate that the choice of predictive method is dependent on the question(s) of interest and the data available for use as inputs. Although we used modern humans as our model organism, these results can be extended to other species.

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“…(1), a best-fit theoretical equation for gradient walking is used to calculate energy expenditure. It could explain 87% of the variation in energetic expenditure [11]. …”

Section: F Digitization Of Mountain Trail and Calculation Of Energy mentioning

confidence: 99%

An App for Promoting Health and Local Tourism

Chao

Lin

Tseng

et al. 2014

2014 International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control

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The main purpose of this study is to develop a smartphone App under Android platform by integrating GPS to provide local tourism information and guide tourists to their interested sites. The provided folk-cultural information is also adopted for educational purpose. Extended technology acceptance model (TAM) was used to evaluate the usefulness and behavior intention of the developed system. Most users agreed that the system is useful for tourism promotion and folk-culture education. They also showed strong intention and positive attitude toward continuous use of the App.

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The effect on energy expenditure of walking on gradients or carrying burdens

Cited by 35 publications

References 88 publications

No sex differences in the economy of load‐carriage

No sex differences in the economy of load‐carriage

The Energetic Cost of Walking: A Comparison of Predictive Methods

An App for Promoting Health and Local Tourism

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