The effect of zinc chloride on the copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide

Mast, C.; Cabaness, W. R.

doi:10.1002/pol.1973.130110303

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Because of extensive usage of acrylic acid and acrylamide homo and copolymers in industry, there are many published works about this system 3–9. The most recent study was performed by Wandrey and coworkers,10, 11 where sequential sampling method was applied and the pH ranged from 2 to 12 at 40°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of medium pH on the reactivity ratios in acrylamide acrylic acid copolymerization

Parıl¹,

Alb

Giz³

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The copolymerization reactivity ratios of acrylic acid and acrylamide are found at pH 5 and pH 2. Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP) has been used for the first time to monitor the synthesis of polyelectrolytic copolymers. The composition drift during the reactions revealed that at pH 5, the acrylamide participates more in the copolymer, and at pH 2, the acrylic acid incorporates in the system at a higher ratio. The copolymerization data were analyzed by a recent error in variables (EVM) type calculation method developed for obtaining the reactivity ratios by on-line monitoring and gave at pH 5 reactivity ratios r Aam ¼ 1.88 6 0.17, r Aac ¼ 0.80 6 0.07 and at pH 2 r Aam ¼ 0.16 6 0.04, r Aac ¼ 0.88 6 0.08. The results show that the reactivity ratios depend strongly on the pH of the medium. The effect of polyelectrolytic interactions on the reactivity ratios is discussed in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of medium pH on the reactivity ratios in acrylamide acrylic acid copolymerization

Parıl¹,

Alb

Giz³

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of SnCl ₄ on the radical polymerization of N ‐allyl‐ N ‐phenylmethacrylamide and N ‐allyl‐ N ‐phenylacrylamide

Seno

Kawamura

Sato

1996

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Composition control through pH and ionic strength during acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymerization

Parıl

Giz

Çatalgil‐Giz

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The possibility of controlling the composition of acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymers by controlling the pH and the ionic strength of the reaction medium is investigated. The reactivity ratios of charged monomers depend on the pH of the medium, acrylic acid is the more reactive monomer below pH 3 and acrylamide above pH 4. The working pH was set at 3.6, a candidate for the crossover point, where no composition drift is expected. Copolymerization kinetics is investigated at this pH at various ionic strengths and a reaction without composition drift up to 80% conversion was achieved. All the chains produced in this reaction contain 30% ± 3% acrylic acid. Copolymer conversions, molecular weights, and composition distributions were measured through Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization (ACOMP) system. The copolymerization data were analyzed by a recent error in variables method (EVM) and reactivity ratios are calculated. The results show that in salt free conditions, the reactivity ratios depend on the ionic monomer concentration (ionic strength) in addition to the pH of the reaction medium. The effect of polyelectrolytic interactions on the reactivity ratios and the resulting composition drift during the reaction, sequence length distribution, and Stockmayer bivariate distribution are discussed in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

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The effect of zinc chloride on the copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of medium pH on the reactivity ratios in acrylamide acrylic acid copolymerization

Effect of medium pH on the reactivity ratios in acrylamide acrylic acid copolymerization

The effect of SnCl ₄ on the radical polymerization of N ‐allyl‐ N ‐phenylmethacrylamide and N ‐allyl‐ N ‐phenylacrylamide

Composition control through pH and ionic strength during acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymerization

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The effect of zinc chloride on the copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of medium pH on the reactivity ratios in acrylamide acrylic acid copolymerization

Effect of medium pH on the reactivity ratios in acrylamide acrylic acid copolymerization

The effect of SnCl 4 on the radical polymerization of N ‐allyl‐ N ‐phenylmethacrylamide and N ‐allyl‐ N ‐phenylacrylamide

Composition control through pH and ionic strength during acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymerization

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The effect of SnCl ₄ on the radical polymerization of N ‐allyl‐ N ‐phenylmethacrylamide and N ‐allyl‐ N ‐phenylacrylamide