The effect of wind waves on the development of river mouth bars

Nardin, William; Fagherazzi, Sergio

doi:10.1029/2012gl051788

Cited by 69 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The transition from ZOFE to ZOEF marks the downstream location at which the turbulence generated by shearing along the margins of the jet affects the entire jet [Bates, 1953]. Jet theory has been largely used to describe rivers and inlets discharging into a standing water body [Bates, 1953;Wright and Coleman, 1974;€ Ozsoy and € Unl€ uata, 1982;Wright, 1977;Rowland et al, 2010;Falcini and Jerolmack, 2010;Nardin and Fagherazzi 2012;Nardin et al, 2013].…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Researchers have analyzed both large-scale structure of deltaic systems [Edmonds, 2012b;Edmonds et al, 2009Edmonds et al, , 2011aEdmonds et al, , 2011bEdmonds and Slingerland, 2010;Canestrelli et al, 2010, Geleynse et al, 2010, 2011Jerolmack, 2009;Jerolmack and Paola, 2007;Fagherazzi, 2008;Jerolmack and Swenson, 2007;Fagherazzi and Overeem, 2007] and their morphological units, such as mouth bars [Esposito et al, 2013;Nardin et al, 2013;Nardin and Fagherazzi, 2012;Edmonds and Slingerland, 2007;Wang, 1984;Wright, 1977;Bates, 1953].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of tides on mouth bar morphology and hydrodynamics

et al. 2013

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[1] Mouth bars are morphological units important for deltas, estuaries, or rivers debouching into the sea. Several processes affect the formation of these deposits. This paper focuses on the role of tides on shaping mouth bars, presenting both hydrodynamic and morphodynamic results. The effect of tides is analyzed in two end-member configurations: a river with a small tidal discharge compared to the fluvial discharge (fluvial dominated) and a river with a very large tidal discharge (tidal dominated). Mouth bar formation is analyzed using the coupled hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model Delft3D. The presence of tides influences the hydrodynamics of the jet exiting the river mouth and causes an increase in the averaged jet spreading. At low tide the lower water depth in the basin promotes a drawdown water profile in the river and an accelerated flow near the mouth. The resulting velocity field is characterized by residual currents affecting growth and final shape of the mouth bar. Simulations indicate that mouth deposits are characterized by the presence of two channels for negligible tidal discharge, whereas three principal channels are present in the tidal-dominated case, with a central channel typical of tidal inlets. On the basis of our numerical analyses, we present a robust criterion for the occurrence of mouth deposits with three channels. Trifurcations form when the tidal discharge is large with respect to the fluvial one and the tidal amplitude is small compared to the water depth. Finally, predicted mouth bar morphologies are compared with good agreement to river mouths in the Gulf of Mexico, USA.

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Section: Hydrodynamic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tides on mouth bar morphology and hydrodynamics

et al. 2013

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“…In a separate study Nardin and Fagherazzi [] showed that waves and the direction from which they approach a river mouth play an important role in the distribution of sediments and related deposits. In a series of numerical experiments carried out with the model Delft3D coupled with SWAN waves affect bar development in two ways: by modifying the direction of the river jet and by changing the bottom shear stress at the river mouth and hence increasing jet spreading.…”

Section: Wave Influence On River Mouth Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of river mouth deposits

Fagherazzi

Edmonds

Nardin

et al. 2015

Reviews of Geophysics

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144

104

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Bars and subaqueous levees often form at river mouths due to high sediment availability. Once these deposits emerge and develop into islands, they become important elements of the coastal landscape, hosting rich ecosystems. Sea level rise and sediment starvation are jeopardizing these landforms, motivating a thorough analysis of the mechanisms responsible for their formation and evolution. Here we present recent studies on the dynamics of mouth bars and subaqueous levees. The review encompasses both hydrodynamic and morphological results. We first analyze the hydrodynamics of the water jet exiting a river mouth. We then show how this dynamics coupled to sediment transport leads to the formation of mouth bars and levees. Specifically, we discuss the role of sediment eddy diffusivity and potential vorticity on sediment redistribution and related deposits. The effect of waves, tides, sediment characteristics, and vegetation on river mouth deposits is included in our analysis, thus accounting for the inherent complexity of the coastal environment where these landforms are common. Based on the results presented herein, we discuss in detail how river mouth deposits can be used to build new land or restore deltaic shorelines threatened by erosion.

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“…By construction, the matrix M is upper triangular, with ones on the main diagonal for the first (|V| -k) rows and with the last k rows being zero. Using the rank-nullity theorem [Meyer, 2000], dim(ker(M)) 5 k.…”

Section: Appendix A: Finding the Number Of Alternative Paths To An Oumentioning

confidence: 99%

Delta channel networks: 2. Metrics of topologic and dynamic complexity for delta comparison, physical inference, and vulnerability assessment

Tejedor

Longjas

Zaliapin

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

125

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Deltas are landforms that deliver water, sediment and nutrient fluxes from upstream rivers to the deltaic surface and eventually to oceans or inland water bodies via multiple pathways. Despite their importance, quantitative frameworks for their analysis lack behind those available for tributary networks. In a companion paper, delta channel networks were conceptualized as directed graphs and spectral graph theory was used to design a quantitative framework for exploring delta connectivity and flux dynamics. Here we use this framework to introduce a suite of graph-theoretic and entropy-based metrics, to quantify two components of a delta's complexity: (1) Topologic, imposed by the network connectivity and (2) Dynamic, dictated by the flux partitioning and distribution. The metrics are aimed to facilitate comparing, contrasting, and establishing connections between deltaic structure, process, and form. We illustrate the proposed analysis using seven deltas in diverse morphodynamic environments and of various degrees of channel complexity. By projecting deltas into a topo-dynamic space whose coordinates are given by topologic and dynamic delta complexity metrics, we show that this space provides a basis for delta comparison and physical insight into their dynamic behavior. The examined metrics are demonstrated to relate to the intuitive notion of vulnerability, measured by the impact of upstream flux changes to the shoreline flux, and reveal that complexity and vulnerability are inversely related. Finally, a spatially explicit metric, akin to a delta width function, is introduced to classify shapes of different delta types.

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The effect of wind waves on the development of river mouth bars

Cited by 69 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of tides on mouth bar morphology and hydrodynamics

Effect of tides on mouth bar morphology and hydrodynamics

Dynamics of river mouth deposits

Delta channel networks: 2. Metrics of topologic and dynamic complexity for delta comparison, physical inference, and vulnerability assessment

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