The Effect of Wind and Air Temperature on Metabolism and Evaporative Water Loss Rates of Dark-Eyed Juncos,<i>Junco hyemalis:</i>A Standard Operative Temperature Scale

Bakken, George S.; Murphy, Michael T.; Erskine, Dale J.

doi:10.1086/physzool.64.4.30157955

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…If ptarmigan needed to maximize heat dissipation, we would have expected them to select wind-exposed places (as the Alpine Ibex Capra ibex does; Nievergelt 1965), because convection is an efficient means of cooling (e.g., Bakken et al 1991). However, ptarmigan were found at places protected from the wind-a behavior also observed in the Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps), which remains out of the sun and wind to reduce the rate of evaporation (Wolf and Walsberg 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimate and microhabitat selection by the Alpine Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta helvetica) during summer

Visinoni

Pernollet

Desmet³

et al. 2014

J Ornithol

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The Alpine Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta helvetica)-which is adapted to arctic and alpine environments-is suspected to be vulnerable to climate warming, but direct evidence is limited. Microclimates within a landscape may allow species to exist in regions where the general climate appears to be unsuitable for them. We therefore investigated the diversity of microclimates in alpine habitats used by the Alpine Rock Ptarmigan in summer, and we examined whether Alpine Rock Ptarmigan select places with a microclimate that facilitates heat dissipation during summer days. The study was done in the Haute-Savoie (northern French Alps), where ptarmigan have been equipped with radio transmitters, thus allowing direct observations. We measured the three microclimate variables which determine the thermal environment of an animal: ambient temperature (ground and air temperature), which defines the temperature gradients between the animal and the environment; wind speed, which determines convection; and solar radiation, which determines radiation uptake. Additional measurements at four contrasting microtopographic sites at five locations and at two random sites in July and August showed that the typical habitat of the Alpine Rock Ptarmigan offered a wide variety of microclimates over very short distances, particularly on hot summer days. Compared with control sites at 5 m and 30 m, Alpine Rock Ptarmigan selected places with a particular microtopography and microclimate: slightly cooler places in the shade that were protected from the wind; often small, north-facing depressions with a medium amount of rocks and diverse ground cover. The places selected by ptarmigan during hot summer days conformed well to the requirements of both heat dissipation and predator avoidance, and also offered food. Zusammenfassung Mikroklima und Mikrohabitatwahl beim Alpenschneehuhn (Lagopus muta helvetica) im SommerDas Alpenschneehuhn (Lagopus muta helvetica) ist an arktische und alpine Lebensräume angepasst. Deshalb wird es als empfindlich gegenüber den Auswirkungen der Klimaerwärmung betrachtet, doch sind direkte Nachweise selten. Mikroklimas in speziellen Habitaten können es Arten erlauben, in Gebieten vorzukommen, deren generelles Klima ungeeignet ist. Wir untersuchten die Vielfalt der Mikroklimas in den alpinen Habitaten des Communicated by F. Bairlein. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimate and microhabitat selection by the Alpine Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta helvetica) during summer

Visinoni

Pernollet

Desmet³

et al. 2014

J Ornithol

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“…The open-circuit respirometry equipment and procedures used in this study generally followed Bakken et al (1991Bakken et al ( , 1996Bakken et al ( , 2002 with some changes in instrumentation. Prior studies have reported that exchange of oxygen between water and air in the animal enclosure is not significant (Woakes and Butler, 1983;Ancel et al, 2000), and we found no effects in empty chamber trials using nitrogen dilution to simulate metabolism.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bakken et al, 1991Bakken et al, , 1999. To test for this, we made rough estimates of the heat transfer coefficients K e and G in Equation 2 by first fitting a linear model and plotting model residuals vs T w .…”

Section: Metabolic Rate and Heat Loss To Air And Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning heat loss from mallard ducklings swimming on the air–water interface

Banta

Lynott

VanSant

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Yoccoz 1991). The multiple regression models (Tables 1 and 2) appear different from Equations (1) and (2) but include the same functional relationships (for details, see Bakken et al 1991Bakken et al , 1996. We first used nonlinear regression to estimate the coefficients (Eq.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Response to Air Temperature and Wind in Day‐Old Mallards and a Standard Operative Temperature Scale

Bakken¹,

Reynolds²,

Kenow³

et al. 1999

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Most duckling mortality occurs during the week following hatching and is often associated with cold, windy, wet weather and scattering of the brood. We estimated the thermoregulatory demands imposed by cold, windy weather on isolated 1-d-old mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings resting in cover. We measured O2 consumption and evaporative water loss at air temperatures from 5 degrees to 25 degrees C and wind speeds of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 m/s. Metabolic heat production increased as wind increased or temperature decreased but was less sensitive to wind than that of either adult passerines or small mammals. Evaporative heat loss ranged from 5% to 17% of heat production. Evaporative heat loss and the ratio of evaporative heat loss to metabolic heat production was significantly lower in rest phase. These data were used to define a standard operative temperature (Tes) scale for night or heavy overcast conditions. An increase of wind speed from 0.1 to 1 m/s decreased Tes by 3 degrees -5 degrees C.

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The Effect of Wind and Air Temperature on Metabolism and Evaporative Water Loss Rates of Dark-Eyed Juncos,Junco hyemalis:A Standard Operative Temperature Scale

Cited by 47 publications

References 30 publications

Microclimate and microhabitat selection by the Alpine Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta helvetica) during summer

Microclimate and microhabitat selection by the Alpine Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta helvetica) during summer

Partitioning heat loss from mallard ducklings swimming on the air–water interface

Metabolic Response to Air Temperature and Wind in Day‐Old Mallards and a Standard Operative Temperature Scale

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