The Effect of Welding Energy on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Welded Copper Joints

Yang, Jingwei; Biao, Cao; Lu, Qinghua

doi:10.3390/ma10020193

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is likely due to the effect of higher temperatures that exceed the recrystallization temperature. Similar results were also reported in an USWed copper alloy [ 51 ]. Several other authors also observed the formation of fine grains near the faying surface during USW [ 15 , 32 , 33 ] and during friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys [ 50 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy: The Effect of Welding Energy

Chen

Jiang

2017

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructures, tensile lap shear strength, and fatigue resistance of 6022-T43 aluminum alloy joints welded via a solid-state welding technique–ultrasonic spot welding (USW)–at different energy levels. An ultra-fine necklace-like equiaxed grain structure is observed along the weld line due to the occurrence of dynamic crystallization, with smaller grain sizes at lower levels of welding energy. The tensile lap shear strength, failure energy, and critical stress intensity of the welded joints first increase, reach their maximum values, and then decrease with increasing welding energy. The tensile lap shear failure mode changes from interfacial fracture at lower energy levels, to nugget pull-out at intermediate optimal energy levels, and to transverse through-thickness (TTT) crack growth at higher energy levels. The fatigue life is longer for the joints welded at an energy of 1400 J than 2000 J at higher cyclic loading levels. The fatigue failure mode changes from nugget pull-out to TTT crack growth with decreasing cyclic loading for the joints welded at 1400 J, while TTT crack growth mode remains at all cyclic loading levels for the joints welded at 2000 J. Fatigue crack basically initiates from the nugget edge, and propagates with “river-flow” patterns and characteristic fatigue striations.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy: The Effect of Welding Energy

Chen

Jiang

2017

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The progressive shear and plastic deformation caused by the elevated high frequency vibratory energy produces metallurgical coalescence between the different parts [1]. This makes UW insensitive to the thermal conductivity of the materials, making it particularly suitable for joining similar and dissimilar non-ferrous metals as well as alloys based on copper, aluminum, and magnesium, among other metals [2,3,4]. On the other hand, UW also has applications in other fields such as battery pack assembly, electrical wire connection, and light alloy structure welding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultrasonic welding (UW) is an important joining technique in the electrical industry. Molecular dynamic simulation has been shown to possess several advantages for revealing the evolution of the atomic-scale structure and the interpretation of diffusion mechanisms at the microscopic level. However, voids associated with the understanding of microstructure evolution in the weld zone and dynamic processes that occur during ultrasonically welded materials still exist, and no UW studies at the atomic scale have so far been reported. In this study, molecular dynamic simulations of UW between Al and Cu were performed to investigate the diffusion behaviors of Al and Cu atoms. The results confirmed the occurrence of asymmetrical diffusion at the Al/Cu interface during UW. Meanwhile, recovery was noticed in the disordered Al blocks at low temperature. The thickness of the diffusion layer increased with the welding time. For relatively long welding times (1 ns), the concentrations of Al and Cu revealed the appearance of phase transitions. In addition, the diffusion during UW was identified as a dynamic and unsteady process. The diffusion coefficient was much larger than that underwent during the steady diffusion process despite the low interfacial temperature (below 375 K), which was mainly attributed to shear plastic deformation at the interface.

show abstract

“…The MAG welding process is based on welding in shielded gas with a consumable electrode and consists of forming the spring between the consumable wire—underwire shape—and the piece. The welding process can be used in semi-mechanized, mechanized, automated or robotic versions with reverse polarity if the welding source has a rigid external feature [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The control of the electric arc is achieved by means of the self-regulating mechanism while maintaining a constant value of the wire feed in the molten bath.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ultrasound in Reconditioning by Welding of Tools Used in the Process of Regenerating Rubber

Dobrotă

Petrescu

2018

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Addressing the problem of reconditioning large parts is of particular importance, due to their value and to the fact that the technologies for their reconditioning are very complex. The tools used to refine regenerated rubber which measure 660 mm in diameter and 2130 mm in length suffer from a rather fast dimensional wear. Within this research, the authors looked for a welding reconditioning procedure that would allow a very good adhesion between the deposited material layer and the base material. In this regard, the MAG (Metal Active Gas) welding process was used, but the ultrasonic activation of the welding process was also considered. Thus, the wire used for welding was activated considering a variation of the frequency of ultrasounds in the range f = 18–22 kHz respectively of the oscillation amplitude A = 30–60 μm. Under these conditions it was found that the presence of ultrasonic waves during the welding cladding process results in uniform deposition of hard carbons at the grain boundary and in the elimination of any existing oxides on the deposition surface, but at the same time increases the adhesion between the base material and the additional material, all of which positively influence the wear and corrosion resistance of the tools used to refine the regenerated rubber.

show abstract

The Effect of Welding Energy on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Welded Copper Joints

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy: The Effect of Welding Energy

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy: The Effect of Welding Energy

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process

Use of Ultrasound in Reconditioning by Welding of Tools Used in the Process of Regenerating Rubber

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About