The effect of water temperature on air entrainment, bubble plumes, and surface foam in a laboratory breaking-wave analog

Callaghan, Adrian H.; Stokes, M. Dale; Deane, Grant B.

doi:10.1002/2014jc010351

Cited by 47 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Controlled experiments with genuine seawater are rare (e.g. Chanson et al 2006, Blenkinsopp and Chaplin 2011, Callaghan et al 2014. In strongly aerated regions (void fractions > 2%), the results showed differences between freshwater, saltwater (synthetic seawater) and genuine seawater in terms of void fraction and bubble sizes.…”

Section: Water Solution: Freshwater Saltwater or Seawater?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Are breaking waves, bores, surges and jumps the same flow?

Lubin

Chanson

2016

Environ Fluid Mech

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The flow structure in the aerated region of the roller generated by breaking waves remains a great challenge to study, with large quantities of entrained air and turbulence interactions making it very difficult to investigate in details. A number of analogies were proposed between breaking waves in deep or shallow water, tidal bores and hydraulic jumps. Many numerical models used to simulate waves in the surf zone do not implicitly simulate the breaking process of the waves, but are required to parameterise the wave-breaking effects, thus relying on experimental data. Analogies are also assumed to quantify the roller dynamics and the energy dissipation. The scope of this paper is to review the different analogies proposed in the literature and to discuss current practices. A thorough survey is offered and a discussion is developed an aimed at improving the use of possible breaking proxies. The most recent data are revisited and scrutinised for the use of most advanced numerical models to educe the surf zone hydrodynamics. In particular, the roller dynamics and geometrical characteristics are discussed. An open discussion is proposed to explore the actual practices and propose perspectives based on the most appropriate analogy, namely the tidal bore.

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Section: Water Solution: Freshwater Saltwater or Seawater?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Are breaking waves, bores, surges and jumps the same flow?

Lubin

Chanson

2016

Environ Fluid Mech

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“…2,5,6,14 Detailed studies of SSA production methods have shown that both breaking waves and plunging waterfall techniques replicate ambient SSA subpopulations of particles with the proper size and physical and chemical properties. 2,5 Other variables, such as temperature, 15 surfactant chemistry, 13,16 and white cap foam formation 5 are also critical factors in producing real world SSA populations. The development of these innovative laboratory-based methods has opened the doors for exploring the composition, reactivity, and properties of a globally abundant tropospheric aerosol, fresh SSA, under controlled conditions.…”

Section: ■ Producing Representative Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Spray Aerosol: The Chemical Link between the Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate

et al. 2017

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The oceans, atmosphere, and clouds are all interconnected through the release and deposition of chemical species, which provide critical feedback in controlling the composition of our atmosphere and climate. To better understand the couplings between the ocean and atmosphere, it is critical to improve our understanding of the processes that control sea spray aerosol (SSA) composition and which ones plays the dominate role in regulating atmospheric chemistry and climate.

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“…The system is ideal for laboratory experiments where high-frequency sampling is beneficial, for example in studies of gas exchange and gas partitioning during ice formation and melt (Loose et al, 2009a;Lovely et al, 2015), and studies of air-water gas exchange using wind-wave tanks or bubble plume generators (Asher et al, 1996;Callaghan et al, 2014;Krall and Jähne, 2014;Mesarchaki et al, 2015b;Nagel et al, 2015). It could be used for continuous, high-frequency monitoring of surface waters in order to improve understanding of physically-driven gas fluxes, and be used alongside instruments measuring the fluxes of biologically-active gases (Cassar et al, 2009;Rafelski et al, 2015).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into chemical, biological, and physical processes in coastal waters from dissolved oxygen and inert gas tracers

Manning¹

2017

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In this thesis, I use coastal measurements of dissolved O 2 and inert gases to provide insight into the chemical, biological, and physical processes that impact the oceanic cycles of carbon and dissolved gases. Dissolved O 2 concentration and triple isotopic composition trace net and gross biological productivity. The saturation states of inert gases trace physical processes, such as air-water gas exchange, temperature change, and mixing, that affect all gases.First, I developed a field-deployable system that measures Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe gas ratios in water. It has precision and accuracy of 1 % or better, enables near-continuous measurements, and has much lower cost compared to existing laboratory-based methods. The system will increase the scientific community's access to use dissolved noble gases as environmental tracers.Second, I measured O 2 and five noble gases during a cruise in Monterey Bay, California. I developed a vertical model and found that accurately parameterizing bubble-mediated gas exchange was necessary to accurately simulate the He and Ne measurements. I present the first comparison of multiple gas tracer, incubation, and sediment trap-based productivity estimates in the coastal ocean. Net community production estimated from 15 NO -3 uptake and O 2 /Ar gave equivalent results at steady state. Underway O 2 /Ar measurements revealed submesoscale variability that was not apparent from daily incubations.Third, I quantified productivity by O 2 mass balance and air-water gas exchange by dual tracer ( 3 He/SF 6 ) release during ice melt in the Bras d'Or Lakes, a Canadian estuary. The gas transfer velocity at >90 % ice cover was 6 % of the rate for nearly ice-free conditions. Rates of volumetric gross primary production were similar when the estuary was completely ice-covered and ice-free, and the ecosystem was on average net autotrophic during ice melt and net heterotrophic following ice melt. I present a method for incorporating the isotopic composition of H 2 O into the O 2 isotope-based productivity calculations, which increases the estimated gross primary production in this study by 46-97 %.In summary, I describe a new noble gas analysis system and apply O 2 and inert gas observations in new ways to study chemical, biological, and physical processes in coastal waters.

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The effect of water temperature on air entrainment, bubble plumes, and surface foam in a laboratory breaking-wave analog

Cited by 47 publications

References 58 publications

Are breaking waves, bores, surges and jumps the same flow?

Are breaking waves, bores, surges and jumps the same flow?

Sea Spray Aerosol: The Chemical Link between the Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate

Insight into chemical, biological, and physical processes in coastal waters from dissolved oxygen and inert gas tracers

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