The effect of water stress on the mortality ofBetula pendula Roth. andBuddleia davidii Franch. seedlings

Humphries, R. N.; Jordan, Maiya; Guarino, Luigi

doi:10.1007/bf02184261

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Moreover, the summer was much drier than average ( Table 2 ). These results suggest that drought strongly limits seedling emergence and survival of B. pendula , and therefore that drier conditions expected in the southern edge of the species range in the next decades will hinder natural regeneration in this area ( Humphries et al 1982 ; Hynynen et al 2010 ; Beck et al 2016 ; Pliūra et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic variation in early fitness traits across European populations of silver birch (Betula pendula)

et al. 2020

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Given that the ecological niche of tree species is typically narrower for earlier life stages, intraspecific genetic variation at early fitness traits may greatly influence the adaptive response of tree populations to changing environmental conditions. In this study, we evaluated genetic variation in early fitness traits among 12 populations of Betula pendula from a wide latitudinal range in Europe (41–55°N). We first conducted a chamber experiment to test for population differences in germination and the effect of pre-chilling treatment on seed dormancy release. We then established three common gardens spread across the species latitudinal range in order to evaluate levels of quantitative genetic variation and genotype-by-environment interaction at different early life traits. Our results showed significant variation in chamber germination rates among populations (0–60 %), with southern populations exhibiting lower germination. Pre-chilling treatments did not generally improve germination success. Population seedling emergence rates in the field were correlated with chamber germination rates, though being an order of magnitude lower, with an average ranging from 0 to 1.3 % across gardens. Highly significant variation was found in field emergence rates among populations, and between seed-crop years within populations, but not among families within populations. Populations differed in seedling height, diameter, slenderness and budburst date, with significant among-family variation. Population latitude was positively associated with chamber germination rate and with seedling emergence rate in one of the central field sites. Overall, genetic, environmental and demographic factors seem to influence the observed high levels of variation in early fitness traits among B. pendula populations. Our results suggest limited regeneration capacity for the study species under drier conditions, but further field trials with sufficient replication over environments and seed crops will improve our understanding of its vulnerability to climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic variation in early fitness traits across European populations of silver birch (Betula pendula)

et al. 2020

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“…Surveys of B. davidii thickets in disturbed areas of southern England (Miller, 1984) and Belgium (Godefroid et al, 2007) found that soils on which these thickets established were high in sand, nutrient poor, and high in calcareous substrates (including concrete and building debris). Yet B. davidii does not appear to be an obligate calcicole: It is able to flourish in calcium-deficient soils as well (Humphries & Guarino, 1987). Miller (1984) and Godefroid et al (2007) have found that B. davidii was capable of colonizing areas with a high pH.…”

Section: Habitatmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Invasive Buddleja davidii (Butterfly Bush)

Tallent-Halsell

Watt

2009

Bot. Rev.

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Buddleja davidii Franchet (Synonym. Buddleia davidii; common name butterfly bush) is a perennial, semi-deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub that is resident in gardens and disturbed areas. Since its introduction to the United Kingdom from China in the late 1800s, B. davidii has become an important component in horticulture and human culture. Despite its popularity as a landscape plant, B. davidii is considered problematic because of its ability to naturalize outside of gardens and rapidly invade and dominate disturbed natural areas across a wide range of physical conditions. The primary goal of this paper is to synthesize what is known about B. davidii in order to understand the impacts caused by the continued presence of B. davidii in gardens and natural landscapes. We also address management of B. davidii and discuss the repercussions of management strategies and policies currently implemented to protect or remove B. davidii from natural ecosystems.Zusammenfassung Buddleja davidii Franchet (Synonym Buddleia davidii, umgangsprachlich "Schmetterlingsflieder") ist ein ausdauernder, halb-immergruener, mehrstaemmiger Busch welcher in Gaerten und auf Umbruchflaechen gedeiht. Seit seiner Einfuehrung in die UK aus China im spaeten 19. Jahrhundert hat B. davidii in Pflanzenzucht und Kultivierung stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Unabhaengig von seiner Beliebtheit in der Landschaftsgestaltung stellt B. davidii wegen seiner Faehigkeit, sich ueber Gartengrenzen hinaus unter einer Vielzahl von Wachstumsbedingungen in gestoerten Naturgebieten schnell auszubreiten und dort die einheimische Flora zu dominieren, ein grosses Problem dar. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Rezension ist es eine Synopsis zu erstellen, welche die Auswirkungen und Gefahren der konstanten Praesenz von B. davidii in Gaerten und der Naturlandschaft verdeutlicht. Management Optionen und -Fehlschlaege sowie aktuelle Regulationen zu dem Zwecke B. davidii aus natuerlichen Ecosystemen zu entfernen oder sein vordringen zu verhindern, werden ebenfalls diskutiert.

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“…(Rosaceae) can co-occur with B. davidii in nitrophilous ruderal communities, in dry scrub or on river banks (Schmitz 1991;Schubert et al 2001). The native pioneer tree Betula pendula Roth (Betulaceae) can be outperformed by B. davidii on nitrogen-poor sites as well as under conditions of water stress (Humphries et al 1982;Humphries and Guarino 1987). Individuals of B. vulgaris, C. sanguinea and S. nigra were chosen in an open area in the Botanical Garden, within a distance of 5-15 m from the plots of B. davidii.…”

Section: Study Site and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Invasive Buddleja davidii allocates more nitrogen to its photosynthetic machinery than five native woody species

2007

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The general-purpose genotype hypothesis and the hypothesis of the evolution of invasiveness predict that invasive species are characterized by particular traits that confer invasiveness. However, these traits are still not well-defined. In this study, ecophysiological traits of eight populations of the invasive shrub Buddleja davidii from a wide range of European locations and five co-occurring native woody species in Germany were compared in a common garden experiment. We hypothesized that the invader has higher resource capture ability and utilization efficiency than the natives. No differences were detected among the eight populations of B. davidii in any of the traits evaluated, indicating that the invader did not evolve during range expansion, thus providing support to the general-purpose genotype hypothesis. The invader showed significantly higher maximum electron transport rate, maximum carboxylation rate, carboxylation efficiency, light-saturated photosynthetic rate (P(max)) and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency (PNUE) than the five natives. Leaf nitrogen content was not significantly different between the invader and the natives, but the invader allocated more nitrogen to the photosynthetic machinery than the natives. The increased nitrogen content in the photosynthetic machinery resulted in a higher resource capture ability and utilization efficiency in the invader. At the same intercellular CO(2) concentration, P (max) was significantly higher in the invader than in the natives, again confirming the importance of the higher nitrogen allocation to photosynthesis. The invader reduced metabolic cost by increasing the ratio of P (max) to dark respiration rate (R (d)), but it did not reduce carbon cost by increasing the specific leaf area and decreasing leaf construction cost. The higher nitrogen allocation to the photosynthetic machinery, P(max), PNUE and P(max)/R(d) may facilitate B. davidii invasion, although studies involving a wide range of invasive species are needed to understand the generality of this pattern and to fully assess the ecological advantages afforded by these features.

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The effect of water stress on the mortality ofBetula pendula Roth. andBuddleia davidii Franch. seedlings

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Genetic variation in early fitness traits across European populations of silver birch (Betula pendula)

Genetic variation in early fitness traits across European populations of silver birch (Betula pendula)

The Invasive Buddleja davidii (Butterfly Bush)

Invasive Buddleja davidii allocates more nitrogen to its photosynthetic machinery than five native woody species

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