The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates and its implications for the electrical structure of the upper mantle

Yoshino, Takashi; Matsuzaki, Takashi; Shatskiy, Anton; Katsura, Tomoo

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.032

Cited by 198 publications

(321 citation statements)

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“…When the calcium-dominated carbonate rocks, such as marine sediments, in the subducted slabs are dragged into the deep mantle, the electrical conductivity of the aragonitedominated rock bodies is higher than that of the surrounding rocks in the upper mantle. It is known that the electrical conductivity of wet rock, which contains a hydroxyl ion component in its minerals and/or a fluid phase, is higher than that of dry mineral (e.g., Wang et al 2006;Yoshino et al 2009;Yang et al 2011). The calcium carbonates could contribute to the higher electrical conductivity in the same way as the water effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pressure and temperature on the electrical conductivity of dolomite

Ono

Mibe

2015

Phys Chem Minerals

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pressure and temperature on the electrical conductivity of dolomite

Ono

Mibe

2015

Phys Chem Minerals

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“…This decrease occurs because the maximum solubility of water is dependent on the pressure and Al content, and the Al content of enstatite rapidly decreases in this pressure range due to the stabilization of garnet. In addition, our recent experimental studies [3,15,19] have verified that neither hydrous aluminous enstatite nor Figure 4 Predicted water solubility (in ppm weight H 2 O) in Al-bearing orthopyroxene as a function of temperature and pressure according to the thermodynamic models of eq. (6) and MKSL07 [13].…”

Section: Geophysical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geotherm in the deep regions of a typical oceanic upper mantle was considered to be adiabatic, which was taken from Katsura et al [44]. In the shallow part of the upper mantle, the geotherms change from conductive to adiabatic at depths approximately 60 km for oceanic mantle [9,15]. Consequently, in this work, the temperature-depth profile for a typical oceanic upper mantle (assuming an age of 80 Ma) was obtained from Karato [9], whereas Mierdel et al [13] considered a constant temperature gradient (0.3 K/km [43]).…”

Section: Geophysical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water solubility in orthopyroxene: Dependence on temperature and Al content

Zhang

Matsuzaki

2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The water solubility in Al-Fe-Mg orthopyroxene [(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)O 3 : X Fe = 0.1] was investigated as a function of temperature and Al contents. Experiments were performed at 10 kbar with temperatures ranging from 800 to 1200°C under water-saturated conditions. Water contents in the (Mg,Fe)SiO 3 -H 2 O-Al 2 O 3 system were determined using unpolarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The present results show that water solubility in Al-bearing orthopyroxene decreases systematically with temperature from approximately 1 weight % at 800°C to 568 ± 58 ppm at 1200°C and increase significantly with increasing Al 2 O 3 contents under the same annealing temperature and pressure. Combined with published results on the dependence of hydroxyl solubility on water fugacity and pressure, the present results can be described by the relationwhere A = 0.0024 ± 0.0015 ppm/bar 0.5 , 1bar H = −103.348 ± 9.768 kJ/mol, and solid V = 9.2 ± 1.1 cm 3 /mol. This equation implies that the incorporation mechanism of water in aluminous orthopyroxene involves the isolated OH groups. Based on the experimentally established solubility model used in this study, it is suggested that water solubility decreases with increasing temperature under typical upper mantle pressure. The predicted temperature dependence of water solubility is in good agreement with the previous experimental observations in Al-bearing orthopyroxene, but the opposite dependence is observed in Al-free systems. Moreover, our estimation of the water solubility in upper-mantle minerals as a function of depth for a typical oceanic geotherm might be of potential importance in interpreting the geophysical observations. orthopyroxene, water solubility, infrared spectroscopy, asthenosphere Citation:Zhang B H, Matsuzaki T, Wu X P. Water solubility in orthopyroxene: Dependence on temperature and Al content. Chin Sci Bull, 2013Bull, , 58: 38953902, doi: 10.1007 The presence of water or hydroxyl defects in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) has a dramatical influence on their geophysical properties such as solidus temperature [1], electrical conductivity [2-6] and viscosity [7][8][9], as well as on mantle dynamics such as melt generation [10] and mantle convection [7]. Critical to understanding the role of water in the Earth's mantle, a key step is to estimate the distribution of water inside the mantle and the incorporation mechanism of hydrogen in mantle minerals by combining experimentally determined mineral properties with geophysical observations. Two principal approaches can provide significant constraints on the water content in the Earth's interior. One approach is water solubility experiments in mantle minerals [11][12][13], and the other infers the water content based on the electrical conductivity of the NAMs [2-6,14-19].Orthopyroxene is considered to be one of the main constituent minerals in the Earth's upper mantle and is believed to constitute approximately 20-40 vol% [20]. Previous studies indicate that the water solubility in pure MgSiO 3 enstatite increa...

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“…However, in spite of the range of work done to understand hydrous olivine and develop an appropriate olivine conduction model there is still disagreement among Earth scientists. The disagreement stems from the models produced by two labs (Wang et al, 2006;Yoshino et al, 2009;Yoshino et al, 2012), that illustrate an order of magnitude difference in EC across water content (Figure 1.2a). The reasons for this will be examined further.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible compositional effects on the electrical conductivity of olivine: A preliminary study

Lanati¹

2018

Preprint

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Abstract:Volatile sensitive probes of the upper mantle, such as magnetotellurics, are being developed to overcome insensitivities in seismic and gravity subsurface mapping as part of an effort to identify the location of deeply buried ore deposits, in addition to more broadly understanding mantle temperature and water contents. An understanding of the conductivity of mantle minerals is an essential prerequisite to the full interpretation of magnetotelluric data. Current proton conduction models for simple mineral systems, such as olivine, show large discrepancies. The material used for these determinations, San Carlos peridotite, is not a single mineral phase and may have compositional variations. This could be one of the origins of these discrepancies. To test this hypothesis, a sample of San Carlos olivine was taken and separated out the mineral components using a combination of electrostatic rock disaggregation, magnetic susceptibility as well as manual separation. The separated fractions were characterised using petrography. Impedance data were collected as a function of temperature and pressure in a multi-anvil press from both the separated olivine material and the original mixture. Comparison of these values with literature data has been made.ii Acknowledgements:I wish to acknowledge the extensive and onerous effort that has gone into this work and the team of people who have taken time from their own work to guide, mentor and advise me. These people not only provided me with an amazing amount of academic help but also showed care and compassion during a personal illness suffered during the course of this thesis.To my supervisors, Associate Professor Simon Clark, Associate Professor Tracy Rushmer, Associate Professor Juan Carlos Afonso, I can never repay the immense amount of time you've given me over the past two years.Simon, I thank you for the guidance and tasks you set for me during the coursework component of this MRes, I do not think I would have anywhere near the grasp of this subject area I currently have without you challenging me. I wish to thank you also for the useful and informative discussion throughout the course of this research project. We may not have always agreed but they certainly helped me to understand how the project was evolving and how impactful and important all aspects of the project can be with a bit more hard work.Tracy, I wish to thank you for meeting with me regularly and helping me through the formalities at the beginning of this year. Your insight specifically into the way which a research project is planned and executed gave me a unique perspective in how I would carry out future work. I want to also thank you for giving me so much time and for the last minute edits that helped me make this thesis much more consistent. This was all while acting as an Associate Dean as well as having other students submitting this year.JC, I want to acknowledge the way you make people think about problems. I truly respect and appreciate the dedication you have to your students and your res...

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The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates and its implications for the electrical structure of the upper mantle

Cited by 198 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of pressure and temperature on the electrical conductivity of dolomite

Influence of pressure and temperature on the electrical conductivity of dolomite

Water solubility in orthopyroxene: Dependence on temperature and Al content

Possible compositional effects on the electrical conductivity of olivine: A preliminary study

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