The Effect of Water Fluoridation on the Bone Mineral Density of Young Women

Abstract

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A Six-Year Longitudinal Study of the Relationship of Physical Activity to Bone Mineral Accrual in Growing Children: The University of Saskatchewan Bone Mineral Accrual Study

“…For the LS, Slemenda et al (25) report a bone mineral accumulation of 30% of adult BMC over 3 peripubertal years as determined by Tanner staging. In the present study, using a value of 60 g as an average spinal BMC for a young adult female, (33) 32% of adult BMC was accrued in the 2 years around PBMCV. The clinical significance of these percentages can be appreciated by considering the fact that as much bone mineral is being laid down during the adolescent years as most people will lose during their entire adult lives (12) …”

Calcium Accretion in Girls and Boys During Puberty: A Longitudinal Analysis

“…The 76 mothers (mean age, 40 years) had a BMC of 2164 g and the 37 fathers (mean age, 45 years) had a BMC of 2884 g. A separate unpublished study of 59 men (mean age, 40 years) and 32 women (mean age, 36 years) revealed BMC values of 2880 g and 2181 g, respectively. Finally, a study of 57 younger women (22) (mean age, 21 years) revealed a BMC of 2180 g. Averaging these adult values and converting to calcium equivalents gives a mean young adult skeletal calcium of 928 g for men and 700 g for women. If we take these to be estimates of the young adult calcium values of the boys and girls in this study, approximately 26% of adult calcium is gained in the 2 years of peak skeletal growth.…”

“…Finally, a study of 57 younger women (22) (mean age, 21 years) revealed a BMC of 2180 g. Averaging these adult values and converting to calcium equivalents gives a mean young adult skeletal calcium of 928 g for men and 700 g for women. If we take these to be estimates of the young adult calcium values of the boys and girls in this study, approximately 26% of adult calcium is gained in the 2 years of peak skeletal growth.…”

Associations of fluoride intake with children’s bone measures at age 11

“…Another study compared “unexplained” bone fracture rates among 6- to 12-year-old Mexican children living in areas with water fluoride concentrations ranging from 0 to >12 ppm, and found that the fracture rates were similar across locations (10). A more refined study of young (18- 25-year-old) Canadian women compared lumbar spine and femoral bone density of those who had lived in a low water-fluoride (0.1 ppm) community to those who had lived in an optimally fluoridated (1.0 ppm) community (11). This study controlled for height, weight, physical activity and dietary factors, and it assessed bone density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).…”