The effect of water chemistry on froth stability and surface chemistry of the flotation of a Cu–Zn sulfide ore

Bıçak, Özlem; Ekmekçi, Zafir; Can, Metin; Öztürk, Yasemin

doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2011.09.005

Cited by 85 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Batu Hijau Indonesia Using sea water to process a gold-rich porphyry copper ore [7] Las luses Chile Grinding and flotation using mixed sea water and tailing dam water [6] Çayeli Bakır Is letmeleri A.S. Turkey Processing Cu-Zn sulfide ore using dissolved metal ions and sulfide ions (SO 4 2− and S 2 O 3 2− ) [8] Mt Keith Australia Processing nickel minerals using bore water with high ionic strength [9] Raglan Canada Flotation without frother using saline water with salt levels ranging 20,000~35,000 ppm [10] Inevitably, the application of those solutions with a very high salinity brought many challenges for mineral processing. One of the crucial issues is how to maintain the recovery and grade of valuable minerals as well as minimize the dosage of flotation reagents [3].…”

Section: Concentrator Location Processing Content Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

Xiao

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Sea water has been used in flotation plants, showing a promising way to save fresh water usage. Previous studies indicated that divalent salts in sea water played negative roles in chalcopyrite flotation, but not much work have been conducted to understand the eliminating mechanisms. This study systematically investigated the effects of divalent cations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on natural flotability of chalcopyrite in the absence of collectors and frothers. The reduced recovery was mainly due to the adsorption of Mg and Ca hydroxyl complexes and precipitation on chalcopyrite surfaces, giving rise to a less hydrophobic surface. The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), however, significantly improved chalcopyrite recovery. Species calculation, contact angle, zeta potential, FTIR and XPS analyses were conducted to understand the influencing mechanisms of divalent ions and the beneficial effects of SHMP on chalcopyrite recovery. The primary mechanism was that SHMP prevented the adsorption of positively charged Mg and Ca compounds or precipitation with hydrophilic properties such as Mg(OH) 2 on chalcopyrite surfaces, confirmed by the Derjguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Secondly, SHMP reacted with Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ to form dissolvable complexes, thereby declining the formation of insoluble Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ compounds or precipitation.

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Section: Concentrator Location Processing Content Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

Xiao

et al. 2018

Minerals

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“…Laskowski et al (2007) also showed that the presence of high Ca 2+ concentration in process water improved the adsorption of CMC onto talc through an acid-base interaction and thus promoted the depression of talc. Biçak et al (2012) concluded that dissolved metal ions and sulfide ions mainly in the form of SO 4 2− and S 2 O 3 2− alter the surface chemistry of minerals in the pulp phase. Ikumapayi et al (2012) also showed that galena was Shackleton et al (2012) investigated the water quality effects on moncheite-pyroxene and pentlanditepyroxene composites and proposed that ions found in process waters passivated the mineral surfaces and inhibited the collector adsorption, thereby reducing the floatability of moncheite, pentlandite, and pyroxene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavior of Gangue During the Flotation of a Sulfidic PGM-Bearing Ore in Response to Various Monovalent and Divalent Ions in Process Water

2020

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Mineral concentrators are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of the quality of the water that they feed into their milling and flotation circuits. It is speculated that different inorganic constituents of process water may yield different flotation results owing to the electrolyte-reagent-mineral interactions occurring in the pulp phase. These interactions are said to be specific to ion type, reagent type, and mineral or ore type. It therefore stands to reason that there is a need to develop an understanding of the specific ion effects on both the pulp phase and the froth phase phenomena, such that the chemistry and the quality of process water can be monitored and controlled in a manner that does not negatively affect the flotation performance. Previous research has shown that inorganic electrolytes may impact the hydrophobicity and the floatability of mineral particles and could in turn affect froth stability, entrainment, and thus mineral grades and recoveries. In this study, the floatability of a Cu-Ni-PGM-bearing Merensky ore is tested on a bench-scale flotation system in various single salt solutions, viz., CaCl 2 , CaSO 4 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , MgCl 2 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , MgSO 4 , NaCl, NaNO 3 , and Na 2 SO 4 , in order to examine specific ion effects on gangue recovery. Coagulation and zeta potential tests are conducted in order to establish the nature of the impact that specific ions have on the behavior of gangue in flotation. The findings of this work have shown that single salt solutions containing NO − 3 ions resulted in a strong depression of gangue compared to those solutions containing Cl − and SO 4 2− ions. It was also shown that the divalent Ca 2+and Mg 2+ showed a stronger depression of gangue compared to the monovalent Na + . Ca 2+ , in comparison to Na + , resulted in an increase in the coagulation of the ore as well as an increase in the zeta potential of talc. Overall, the findings of this paper suggest that the presence of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in process water would most likely create conditions that promote gangue depression. Manono et al. The Behavior of Gangue in Process Water RESEARCH KEY HIGHLIGHTS -Solutions containing NO − 3 and Ca 2+ increased the depression of gangue as shown by lower gangue recoveries. -The concentrate grades were higher in solutions containing Ca 2+ and NO − 3 compared to those which contained Na + , Cl − , and SO 4 2− . -Ca 2+ and NO − 3 resulted in a less negative zeta potential compared to Na + and SO 4 2− . -Coagulation was enhanced in Ca 2+ -and NO − 3containing solutions. -Ca 2+ -containing process waters could be beneficial for floatable gangue depression.

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“…When the concentrations of residual reagents or unavoidable ions reach a certain level, the chemistry of water will change [9]. This will lead to some negative effect on minerals flotation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Concept on High-Calcium Flotation Wastewater Reuse

Wan

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Calcium ions are a kind of unavoidable ions in water. It has the deleterious effect on molybdenite flotation. High-calcium flotation wastewater (HCFW) was reused for flotation circuits after the pretreatment removing Ca2+ in from HCFW. The high cost of wastewater treatment limits HCFW reuse. In this paper, an efficient, innovative, low-cost and environmental-friendly flotation wastewater reuse technology was introduced. XLM, as a composite collector for molybdenite, is a mixture of diesel oil (DO) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It could reduce the deleterious effects of Ca2+ on the flotation of molybdenite in HCFW. Therefore, this was used to replace the pretreatment removing Ca2+ in from high Ca2+ wastewater and saved the cost of wastewater treatment. When XLM consists of 4 wt % PAHs and 96 wt % DO, it has better adaptability than DO in the different Ca2+ concentration of flotation water. The contact angle measurements indicated that PAHs, as a synergistic component of a composite collector, could adsorb on the edges of molybdenite in the presence of Ca2+ by forming PAHs-Ca2+-MoO42− structure to increase the contact angle of fine molybdenite particle and reduce the deleterious effects of Ca2+ on the flotation of molybdenite. The industrial-scale test further that demonstrated XLM can improve the molybdenite roughing recovery and grade by 1.8% and 3.46% compared with DO as the collector in high Ca2+ flotation wastewater. It is feasible and effective to replace high-cost wastewater treatment for molybdenum plants.

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The effect of water chemistry on froth stability and surface chemistry of the flotation of a Cu–Zn sulfide ore

Cited by 85 publications

References 14 publications

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

The Behavior of Gangue During the Flotation of a Sulfidic PGM-Bearing Ore in Response to Various Monovalent and Divalent Ions in Process Water

A New Concept on High-Calcium Flotation Wastewater Reuse

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