“…2 | THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 2.1 | Water information disclosure and the cost of capital Scholars have studied the relationship between information disclosure and capital cost for some time. The research direction on capital cost gradually extends from financial information disclosure to non-financial information disclosure, and from mandatory information disclosure to voluntary information disclosure (Akin & Yilmaz, 2016;Qiu, Shaukat, & Tharyan, 2016;Rodriguez-Fernandez, 2016;Schoenfeld, 2017;Wuttichindanon, 2017;Zhao, Song, & Chen, 2016). Most of the literature asserts that information disclosure can help reduce the cost of capital (Chen & Vashishtha, 2017;Dutta & Nezlobin, 2017;Liu & Zhang, 2017).…”