The effect of vitamin D supplementation on arterial stiffness in an elderly community–based population

McGreevy, Cora; Barry, M.; Davenport, Colin; Byrne, Brendan; Donaghy, Caroline; Collier, Geraldine; Tormey, William; Smith, Diarmuid; Bennett, Kathleen; Williams, David

doi:10.1016/j.jash.2014.12.019

Cited by 28 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The Vicorder software automatically calculates transit time (∆t) between carotid and femoral pulse waves. PWV was calculated as path length divided by the transit time of the pulse wave (PWV = L/∆t (m/s)) [30]. Two PWV readings were taken and an average value was documented.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low versus High Glycemic Index Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Vasodilatation and Inactivity-Induced Impairment of Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Men

et al. 2016

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Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may contribute to cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate whether functional sugars with low compared to high glycemic index (GI) have beneficial effects on arterial stiffness during a period of low-physical activity. In a controlled cross-over dietary intervention (55% CHO, 30% fat, 15% protein), 13 healthy men (age: 23.7 ± 2.2 years, body mass index: 23.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) completed 2 × 1 week of low physical activity following 1 week of normal physical activity (2363 ± 900 vs. 11,375 ± 3124 steps/day). During inactive phases participants consumed either low-GI (isomaltulose) or high-GI SSB (maltodextrin-sucrose), providing 20% of energy requirements. Postprandial vasodilatation (augmentation index, AIx), insulin sensitivity (IS) and Glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses were measured during a meal test before and after SSB-intervention. Compared to maltodextrin-sucrose-SSB, postprandial vasodilatation was prolonged (AIx after 120 min: 9.9% ± 4.3% vs. 11.4% ± 3.7%, p < 0.05) and GLP-1 secretion was higher with isomaltulose-SSB (total area under the GLP-1 curve (tAUCGLP)-1: 8.0 ± 4.4 vs. 5.4 ± 3.4 pM × 3 h; p < 0.05). One week of low-physical activity led to impaired IS that was attenuated with low-GI SSB consumption, but did not affect arterial stiffness (p > 0.05). Higher postprandial GLP-1 secretion after intake of low compared to high-GI beverages may contribute to improved postprandial vasodilatation. Although one week of low-physical activity led to marked impairment in IS, it had no effect on arterial stiffness in healthy men.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low versus High Glycemic Index Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Vasodilatation and Inactivity-Induced Impairment of Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Men

et al. 2016

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“…Central arterial stiffness is strongly associated with BP [9], and there is a need for interventions aimed at improving central arterial stiffness independent of BP changes. Virtually all RCTs investigating the effect of VitD supplementation on cfPWV reported no improvement [61,64,70,71,77,83,84,85] apart from 1 study in black youths [74]. The results from RCTs on AIx are more contradicting; no improvement was reported in the majority of studies [61,62,64,71,72,77,83].…”

Section: Summary Of Rct Data On the Effect Of Vitd Supplementation Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results from RCTs on AIx are more contradicting; no improvement was reported in the majority of studies [61,62,64,71,72,77,83]. Alternatively, decreases in AIx were observed among patients with T2DM [66], overweight people with elevated BP [75], people with VitD deficiency [84] and those with pre-hypertension and VitD deficiency [85]. Conversely, 1 study reported significant increases in AIx in patients with T2DM and hypovitaminosis [63].…”

Section: Summary Of Rct Data On the Effect Of Vitd Supplementation Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the RCTs that included VitD-deficient participants and investigated the effects on brachial BP (n = 8), 6 had no significant effects [64,70,71,77,85,94] and 2 (very short-term; ≤3 months) trials reported an improvement in brachial BP [56,60] (Table 1). None of the RCTs appropriately addressing rule 1 found a significant effect on cfPWV [64,70,71,77,84,85], carotid-radial PWV [75] or brachial-ankle PWV [64]. With respect to AIx, among the trials that have recruited VitD-deficient participants, 2 short-term RCTs showed an improvement [75,84], 2 RCTs with longer duration failed to find significant effects [64,77] and 1 RCT reported a paradoxical increase in AIx among individuals with T2DM [63].…”

Section: Critical Factors To Consider Regarding the Interpretation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of the RCTs appropriately addressing rule 1 found a significant effect on cfPWV [64,70,71,77,84,85], carotid-radial PWV [75] or brachial-ankle PWV [64]. With respect to AIx, among the trials that have recruited VitD-deficient participants, 2 short-term RCTs showed an improvement [75,84], 2 RCTs with longer duration failed to find significant effects [64,77] and 1 RCT reported a paradoxical increase in AIx among individuals with T2DM [63]. FMD was improved in 1 RCT, 8 weeks after a single oral VitD dose [56], but was not improved in 2 RCTs meeting rule 1 [88,89].…”

Section: Critical Factors To Consider Regarding the Interpretation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation for Cardiovascular Health Outcomes

Veloudi

Jones

Sharman³

2016

Pulse

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There is a plausible physiological theory, supported by many observational studies, that vitamin D supplementation should be effective for improving cardiovascular end points, such as blood pressure (BP), large artery stiffness, atherosclerosis, endothelial function and clinical events. However, results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been inconsistent. In this review, we evaluated the evidence regarding the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for cardiovascular surrogate and hard clinical end points. RCTs were assessed in terms of sample size, duration of supplementation, baseline vitamin D level inclusion criteria (i.e., absence of vitamin D deficiency), dosage of vitamin D and population under investigation. Forty-five RCTs were identified. Eight RCTs with BP and 6 RCTs with large artery stiffness as the end points were found to comply with guidelines for the optimal design of clinical trials evaluating nutrient effects. Only 2 of the RCTs with an optimal design were effective in decreasing BP with vitamin D supplementation, although these were of moderate sample size (<150) and very short duration (8 weeks for both), whilst no RCT was effective in reducing large artery stiffness. Similar results were observed for atherosclerotic and endothelial function markers as end points. Only 1 RCT reported cardiovascular events as an end point and found neither increased nor decreased incident cardiovascular events over 7 years of follow-up. In conclusion, results from published RCTs indicate that vitamin D supplementation is ineffective in improving cardiovascular health among various patient populations, including in the presence or absence of vitamin D deficiency.

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The Role of Central Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Management of Hypertension

2018

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Both aortic and carotid systolic blood pressure are independently associated with cardiovascular mortality and serious cardiac events. Furthermore, studies show that systolic aortic blood pressure has been shown to be superior predictor of cardiovascular as compared to brachial blood pressure. Inhibitors of the renin angiotensin axis may have a beneficial effect on central blood pressure; however, long term studies evaluating the impact of lowering central blood pressure on clinical outcomes are lacking. Central blood pressure is a good predictor of cardiovascular risk. As more studies emerge demonstrating the value of central blood pressure as a therapeutic target, it is possible that targeting central blood pressure may become an important part of the armamentarium to lower cardiovascular risk.

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The effect of vitamin D supplementation on arterial stiffness in an elderly community–based population

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Low versus High Glycemic Index Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Vasodilatation and Inactivity-Induced Impairment of Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Men

Effects of Low versus High Glycemic Index Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Vasodilatation and Inactivity-Induced Impairment of Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Men

Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation for Cardiovascular Health Outcomes

The Role of Central Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Management of Hypertension

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