The effect of vitamin D on enzyme activities in the mucosal cells of the chick small intestine

Holdsworth, E. S.

doi:10.1007/bf01868005

Cited by 118 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…This enzyme has been shown to approximately double its activity in the brush borders of intestinal cells after cholccalciferol-pretreatment (Holdsworth, 1970). Statistically significant difference between R/CC * P 0-01, t P = 0-02.…”

Section: Subceltular Distribution Of Camentioning

confidence: 94%

The Location of Calcium During Its Transport by the Small Intestine of the Chick

Hamilton

Holdsworth

1975

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary During the in vivo absorption of Ca by chicks, cholecaleiferol (vitamin D3) increased the translocation of Ca by the mucosal cells of the small intestine and this was accompanied by a greater “turnover” of Ca within these cells. The location of Ca within mucosal cells was studied by differential centrifugation after conventional homogenation of the cells in isotonic sucrose medium at 0°. Most of the Ca was in mitochondria with less than 2% of Ca being in the soluble phase. However, this finding may be misleading since there may be a redistribution of Ca at 0°, with the mitochondria taking up Ca which in vivo would be located in other parts of the cell. When cells were homogenized in the presence of inhibitors of Ca uptake by mitochondria or were homogenized at 22°–28°. 15–30% of the Ca was found in the soluble cytosol fraction. The uptake of Ca by mitochondria was compared in sucrose media and in this media containing dialysed cell cytosol. The non‐dialysable substances in the cytosol influenced uptake and release of Ca by mitochondria so that more Ca would be in the soluble phase in the presence of cell cytosol. Dialysed cell cytosol from cholecaleiferol‐pretreated chicks had greater effects than cytosol from rachitic chicks and this may partially account for the increased translocation brought about by cholecalciferol.

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Section: Subceltular Distribution Of Camentioning

confidence: 94%

The Location of Calcium During Its Transport by the Small Intestine of the Chick

Hamilton

Holdsworth

1975

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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“…. The specific activities of the enzymes were measured according to the methods previously described [18][19][20][21][22]. The assays were conducted at a temperature of 39 o C. For amylase, glucose output was measured by incubating with glucose oxidase (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, USA) rather than with dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent, previously described by Miller et al [18].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Nutrient Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal function and body growth of broiler chickens on diets based on maize dried at different temperatures and supplemented with a microbial enzyme

Iji

Slippers

et al. 2003

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying drying temperature (Fresh, 85, 95 or 105 o C) on the nutritive value of maize and response of broiler chickens to diets based on such grain, and supplemented with a microbial enzyme (Avizyme 1500). The chemical composition of the grain was affected by drying temperature. Starch and amylopectin contents were increased while there was a reduction in amylose content. These changes were expected to underlie the response of chicks to the diets. Total feed intake over 28 days was increased (P < 0.05) as a result of heat-treating the maize up to 95 o C. The final body weight of chicks on the diet based on fresh maize was improved (P < 0.05) by the microbial enzyme supplement (MES). There was no effect of the enzyme supplement on body weight when assessed at earlier ages. Over the entire feeding period, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) declined (P < 0.001) with increasing oven temperature, regardless of the supplementation with the microbial enzyme. Body weight was influenced (P < 0.05) by the microbial enzyme only when assessed over the entire trial period. The weight of visceral organs, protein content and activities of pancreatic and jejunal digestive enzymes were unaffected by grain heat treatment or MES. The ileal digestibility of calcium was reduced (P < 0.001) on diets based on fresh maize and maize that was oven-dried at 105 o C. Heat-treatment also improved (P < 0.05) the ileal digestibility of phosphorus in chicks on the diets without MES. There were no effects of grain heat treatment or MES on the ileal digestibility of energy, protein, Ca and amino acids. The results indicate some variations in grain quality as a result of heat treatment but the differences were not significant enough to stimulate major responses to the MES. Further studies should examine samples from commercial drying processes or samples obtained from a closer simulation of commercial conditions, to arrive at more practical conclusions.body growth / broiler chicks / digestibility / digestive enzymes / drying temperature / grain quality / maize Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 43 (2003) 77-90 77

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“…Biochemical assays were conducted for maltase (EC. The specific activities of enzymes were measured according to methods previously described for other species [8,15,24]. The assays were, however, conducted at a temperature of 39 o C. The protein content of the jejunal mucosa was measured according to the method described by Bradford [4].…”

Section: Measurement Of the Digestive Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary protein level, amino acid balance and feeding level on growth, gastrointestinal tract, and mucosal structure of the small intestine in broiler chickens

Swatson

Gous

Iji³

et al. 2002

Anim. Res.

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-In a factorial experiment, two series of feeds containing excess dietary protein, differing in amino acid balance (i.e. balanced (BPS) and unbalanced (UPS) amino acid mixture), and with a range of protein contents (400, 300 and 200 g CP·kg -1 ) at the same energy content of 13 MJ AME·kg -1 were offered at two levels of feeding (ad libitum or 0.75 of ad libitum intake) to 4320 broiler chickens between 10 and 24 days of age. Growth rate was significantly lowered by feed restriction. There was also a significant (P < 0.001) effect of dietary protein on the combined weight of the proventriculus and gizzard but only for the birds on the restricted feeding regime. Relative pancreatic weight increased (P < 0.001) with an increase in dietary protein level for the birds fed restricted amounts of BPS. The crypt depth of chicks on the ad libitum feeding regime was higher (P < 0.01) for the chicks on the BPS than for those on the UPS diet. The protein content of the jejunal mucosa was higher (P < 0.001) for birds fed ad libitum on the UPS diet than on the BPS diet. Daily feed allocation had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on jejunal protein content in birds that received the BPS diet, this being reduced in birds on restricted feeding. Maltase (P < 0.001) and sucrase (P < 0.01) activities were significantly reduced in chicks offered ad libitum access to the UPS diet. At high dietary CP, the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was lower (P < 0.001) in chicks on the UPS diet than in those fed the BPS diet. Anim. Res. 51 (2002) 501-515  INRA, EDP Sciences, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/animres:2002038Résumé -Effets de la concentration en protéines, de l'équilibre en acides aminés et du niveau d'ingestion de l'aliment sur la croissance, le développement du tube digestif et la structure de la muqueuse jéjunale chez le poulet de chair. Six aliments isoénergétiques (13 MJ EMa·kg -1 ) selon le plan factoriel : 3 concentrations en protéine brute (400, 300 et 200 PB g·kg -1 ) × 2 équilibres en acides aminés (BPS = équilibré, UPS = déséquilibré par rapport aux besoins), ont été offerts à deux niveaux d'ingestion (ad libitum ou 75 % de l'ad libitum) à 4320 poulets de chair entre 10 et 24 jours d'âge. La vitesse de croissance était significativement réduite par la restriction alimentaire. Un effet du taux protéique sur le poids combiné du proventricule et du gésier était significatif (P < 0,001) mais uniquement chez les poulets restreints. Le poids relatif du pancréas augmentait (P < 0,001) avec la concentration du régime protéines BPS chez les poulets restreints. La profondeur des cryptes des villi de l'intestin était plus profonde chez les poulets nourris ad libitum avec les régimes BPS par rapport aux régimes UPS (P < 0,01). La concentration en protéine de la muqueuse jéjunale était supérieure chez les poulets consommant ad libitum les régimes UPS par rapport à ceux ingérant les régimes BPS (P < 0,001). La restriction alimentaire réduisait également la teneur en protéine du jéjunum (P < 0,01) chez les poulets consommant les régim...

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The effect of vitamin D on enzyme activities in the mucosal cells of the chick small intestine

Cited by 118 publications

References 16 publications

The Location of Calcium During Its Transport by the Small Intestine of the Chick

The Location of Calcium During Its Transport by the Small Intestine of the Chick

Intestinal function and body growth of broiler chickens on diets based on maize dried at different temperatures and supplemented with a microbial enzyme

Effect of dietary protein level, amino acid balance and feeding level on growth, gastrointestinal tract, and mucosal structure of the small intestine in broiler chickens

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