The effect of vidarabine on the development of the offspring of rats, rabbits, and monkeys

Schardein, James L.; Hentz, D.L.; Petrere, Judith A.; Fitzgerald, James E.; Kurtz, Stanley M.

doi:10.1002/tera.1420150304

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Samples et al, who first discussed the use of eye drops during pregnancy in 1988, stated that antivirals should not be prescribed to women during pregnancy as they are based on molecules that can intercalate in DNA and RNA [10]. However, their theory was based on the teratogenic effect found in some species of animals treated with the first antivirals of idoxuridine and vidarabine [10,[67][68][69].…”

Section: Antiviralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments for Ocular Diseases in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review

Demarinis,

Tatti,

Taloni

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Pregnancy is a medical condition in which the physiological changes in the maternal body and the potential impact on the developing fetus require a cautious approach in terms of drug administration. Individual treatment, a thorough assessment of the extent of the disease, and a broad knowledge of the therapeutic options and different routes of administration of ophthalmic drugs are essential to ensure the best possible results while minimizing risks. Although there are currently several routes of administration of drugs for the treatment of eye diseases, even with topical administration, there is a certain amount of systemic absorption that must be taken into account. Despite continuous developments and advances in ophthalmic drugs, no updated data are available on their safety profile in these contexts. The purpose of this review is both to summarize the current information on the safety of ophthalmic treatments during pregnancy and lactation and to provide a practical guide to the ophthalmologist for the treatment of eye diseases while minimizing harm to the developing fetus and addressing maternal health needs.

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Section: Antiviralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments for Ocular Diseases in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review

Demarinis,

Tatti,

Taloni

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Comparison of maternal and fetal toxic dose responses in mammals

Rogers

1987

Teratog Carcinog Mutagen

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The role of maternal toxicity in adverse developmental outcome and the importance of maternal toxicity as a factor in developmental risk assessment have received increasing attention in the recent literature. This paper reviews these concepts and some of the experimental approaches that have been used to assess their importance. The often non-parallel nature of maternal and fetal toxic dose response curves makes specific comparisons of maternal and fetal toxic doses quite difficult. The use of specific ratios of maternal to fetal toxic doses, such as the A/D ratio and the Relative Teratogenic Index is discussed, including some of the difficulties encountered in assigning such ratios, and a compilation of A/D ratios for compounds for which this ratio could be estimated in more than one mammalian species is included. Results of our studies on the fungicide, dinocap, for which the A/D ratio does not seem to be consistent across species, are briefly reviewed. Maternal toxicity is usually evaluated only on the basis of significant mortality, dose-related weight loss, or obvious external observations. Some examples of other more specific indications of maternal toxicity that may be involved in teratogenesis are presented.

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Maternal toxicity: A possible etiological factor in embryo‐fetal deaths and fetal malformations of rodent‐rabbit species

Khera¹

1985

Teratology

239

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Data from animal teratology studies were surveyed to determine whether embryo-fetal mortality and fetal malformations result from a primary action of the agent on the conceptus or if they are secondary to maternal toxicity--a consequence of administration with high dose levels of test chemicals. A fairly strong association between embryo-fetal mortality and maternal toxicity was revealed by analysis of data from hamsters, mice, rats, and rabbits in 234 studies of chemical and physical agents, of which 83 were conducted at both maternotoxic and nonmaternotoxic doses, 94 only at maternotoxic doses, and 49 at nonmaternotoxic doses. In the above studies, only nine chemicals (four each in hamsters and rabbits and one in rats) were reported to induce embryo-fetal deaths at apparently nonmaternotoxic doses. These findings tend to suggest a contributory role for maternal toxicity in the induction of embryo-fetal deaths. The previously reported hypothesis that certain fetal defects in mice may perhaps be caused by maternal toxicity was also found to be true in a review of data on hamsters, rats, and rabbits. Salient maternal toxicity-associated fetal malformations were exencephaly, encephalocele, micro- or anophalmia, and fused ribs in hamsters and defective (fused, missing, or extra) ribs, vertebrae, and sternebrae, ex-, an-, or microphthalmia, and cleft palate in rats and rabbits. These malformations occurred at low frequencies, generally with no readily apparent dose-response relationship. Presumptive evidence indicates that embryo-fetal deaths, and the above-mentioned fetal malformations in experimental animals, which in published literature are presently attributed to chemical induction for a large number of chemicals, may be a consequence of maternal toxicity per se.

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The effect of vidarabine on the development of the offspring of rats, rabbits, and monkeys

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Treatments for Ocular Diseases in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review

Treatments for Ocular Diseases in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review

Comparison of maternal and fetal toxic dose responses in mammals

Maternal toxicity: A possible etiological factor in embryo‐fetal deaths and fetal malformations of rodent‐rabbit species

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